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1、Ray Shiu 豆丁豆丁 年考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(11 到 20)题考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十一)Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human
2、 capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close。As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human
3、labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and mi
4、cro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone。But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to
5、operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to r
6、eliably interact with a dynamic world。 ”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by t
7、he year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries。What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talentedand human perception far more complicatedthan previously imagined. T
8、hey have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the
9、side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it。26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated inAthe use of machines to produce science
10、fiction。Bthe wide use of machines in manufacturing industry。Cthe invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.Dthe elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27. The word “gizmos“ (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably meansAprograms. Bexperts. Cdevices. Dcreatures。28. According to the
11、 text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that canRay Shiu 豆丁豆丁 delicate tasks like performing brain surgery。Binteract with human beings verbally。Chave a little common sense。Drespond independently to a changing world。29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can alsoAmake a few dec
12、isions for themselves。Bdeal with some errors with human intervention。Cimprove factory environments。Dcultivate human creativity。30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots areAexpected to copy human brain in internal structure。Bable to perceive abnormalities immediately。Cfar less
13、 able than human brain in focusing on relevant information。Dbest used in a controlled environment。 名师解析名师解析26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in 人类的创造性最初表现在Athe use of machines to produce science fiction. 用机器来创作科幻小说。Bthe wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. 制造业对机器的广泛使用。Cthe in
14、vention of tools for difficult and dangerous work。发明工具以处理困难和危险的工作。Dthe elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work。精英人士对危险和枯燥的工作的巧妙的处理。【答案】 C【考点】 事实细节题。【分析】 通过“Human ingenuity”和“initially”可以定位到第一段开始。 “从人类产生智慧 初期至今，人们一直在设计越来越巧妙的工具来应付那些危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直 接就是肮脏的工作。 ”由于讲的是人类最初的创造力，因此可以排除A、B、D。27. T
15、he word “gizmos“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means单词“gizmos”(第二段第一行)最有可能的意思是Aprograms. 程序。 Bexperts. 专家。Cdevices. 设备。 Dcreatures. 生物。【答案】 C【考点】 词义题。【分析】 本题虽然考查的是词义，但是显然不是希望考生通过储备更大的词汇来回答， 而是希望考生能够利用文中出现的细节来推断这个单词的意思。第二段第一句的意思说“由 此引起的结果是，现代世界已经充斥着越来越多的智能_，尽管我们几乎都注意不到它 们，但它们的普遍存在却节省了许多人类劳力。 ”然后作者提及到了“工厂机械手”、 “自动柜 员机”以及“机器人驾驶员”等等。由此我们可以认定这些设施都是对“gizmo”的例举和解释。 而这几样东西具有一个共同的特征，即它们都是“工具”。相比四个选项，只有C最合适。28. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can根据本文，现在超越人类能力范围的是设计一种能_的机器人。A fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery。Ray Shiu 豆丁豆丁
