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1、Period Two Using language,Unit 1 Great scientists,Reading and Writing Copernicus Revolutionary Theory,About Copernicus,Do you know what is the center of the solar system? Can you name the eight planets in the solar system?,Mercury,Mars,Venus,Earth,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,Neptune,Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Ea
2、rth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星,Eight Planets in the Solar System:,Nicolaus Copernicus,born: in Poland in 1473,died: May 24, 1543,He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe a
3、nd the earth and other planets went around it.,Drawing,Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures.,Sun,earth,Before Copernicus theory,Showing Copernicus theory,Showing Copernicus theory,Sun,earth,earth,Sun,Before Copernicus theory,Before Copernicus theory,Sho
4、wing Copernicus theory,A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre,A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre,Read the text carefully, then answer these questions.,Careful reading,Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting
5、 such an idea.,1. Why could he not tell about his theory? (Para. 1),2. What was his theory about? (Para. 1),All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the
6、 sky make sense.,3. What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para. 2),They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.,4. When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para. 3),Bet
7、ween 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.,5. How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? When did he publish his idea? (Para. 4),He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the
8、planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.,He published his idea as he lay dying in 1543.,6. Why do people think th
9、at there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking?,Because his theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created th
10、e earth as the centre of the universe, He showed this was obviously wrong.,As a scientist, one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this? If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you ha
11、ve hidden your theory for so many years? Why or why not?,Agree 1. He was cautious. if he had published his ideas, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burned to death because his theory was against the Christian Church.,2. Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. I
12、ts normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth. 3. It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry. He was just cautious not coward. He should protect himself first.,Disagree 1.Copernicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth
13、earlier. 2.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs.,3.As a scientist, you must have the courage to publish your findings. No matter how people oppose them, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.,Homework,Surf the Internet and get more information about Copernicus. http:/ your “reading task” and “writing task” after class. Revise the whole unit. Finish “Summing up”.,
