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1、现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense,一)构成:,have/has+动词过去分词,二) 含义:,(一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.,1.already在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”,一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”,Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常见)= Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调)Have you
2、 had breakfast already?,注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. Eg. Shes already eighty years old.It was already very late.,2. yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet.Have you had breakfast yet?,注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.,Eg. I have already
3、done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑问句:,I havent done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,3. ever在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”,Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing.Have you ever been to Beijing?,4. never在现在完成时中的用法,否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.,注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将never变成ever; 带ever的一般疑问句
4、作否定回答时可用“No, never.”,Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,He has never made dumplings.,5. just在现在完成时中的用法,用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?,6. before在现在完成时中的用法,用于句末, 表示“以前”Eg. Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike befor
5、e ?,(二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks.Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2. since +,从句(一般过去时),单词,词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg. I have been here since 2000.I have been here since 5 years ago.I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注1): s
6、ince 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气. Eg. I have been here (ever) since.I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she
7、stood here?,注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中.Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to)- reach- buy- borrow- finish-,join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become-,be awa
8、y (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,三)have/has gone to和have/has been to的区别,have/has gone to: 表示某人已经去了某地现在还没回来, 可能现在正在某地或者正在去那里或回来的路上. have/has been to: 表示某人曾经去过某地, 但现在己经不在某地.,四)It is +一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,
