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1、1.47 which atoms in the following structure have unshared valence electrons? draw in these unshared electrons？ 1.52 Which of the following substances are likely to behave as Lewis acids and which as Lewis base ? 1.61 Use figure 1.16 to order the following molecules according to increasing positive c
2、haracter of the carbon atom:,2.43 Draw structural formulas for each of the following substances 2-methylheptane b) 4-ethyl-2-methylhexane c) 4-ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctane d) 2,4,4-trimethylheptane e) 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane f)4-isopropyl-3-methylheptane 2.44 Give IUPAC names for the following alkanes:
3、,2,3-dimethylhexane,4-isopropyloctane,4-ethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane,3,3-diethylpentane,2.46 Give IUPAC names for the following compounds:,methylcycloheptane,cis-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane,trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane,trans-1-isopropyl-2-methylcyclobutane,1,1,4-trimethylcyclohexane,2.52 Sighting along th
4、e C2-C3 bond of 2-methylbutane, there are two different staggered conformations. Draw them both in Newman projection, tell which is more stable, and explain your choice.,2.53 Sighting along the C2-C3 bond of 2-methylbutane(see problem 2.52), there are also two possible eclipsed comformations. Draw t
5、hem both in Newman projection, tell which you think is lower in energy, and explain.,more stable,more stable,3.28 Which of the following are most likely to behave as electrophiles, and which as nulceophiles? 3.29 Give IUPAC names for the following alkenes: 3.30 Name the following cycloalkenes by IUP
6、AC rules: 3.31 Draw structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names (c) 1,5-octadiene (d)4-methyl-1,2-pentadiene (e) cis-4,4-dimethyl-2-hexene (f) (E)-3-methyl-3-heptene,electrophiles,nulceophiles,4-methyl-2-hexene,1,2-butadiene,1,5-dimethylcyclopentene,3.32 Draw structures of the following cy
7、cloalkenes cis-4,5-dimethylcyclohexene 3.33 The following names are incorrect. Draw each molecule, and give its correct name. 1-methyl-2-cyclopentene (c) 6-ethylcycloheptene 3.43 Assign E or Z configuration to the following alkenes: 3.47 Name the following cycloalkenes : (c) 3.51give an example of e
8、ach of the following: An electrophile (b) A nucleophile (c) An oxygen-containing functional group:,3-methylcyclopentene,4-ethylcycloheptene,Z,Z,cis-3,5-dichlorocyclopentene,4.25 Give IUPAC names for the following compounds: 4.26 Draw structural corresponding to the following IUPAC names (a) 3-ethyl-
9、1-heptyne (b) 3,5-dimethyl-4-hexen-1-yne 4.32 Predict the products of the following reactions. Indicate regioselectivity where relevant. (The aromatic ring is inert to all the indicated reagents),4-propyl-5-hepten-1-yne,6-methyl-1,4-heptadiyne,4.33 Suggest structure for alkenes that give the followi
10、ng reaction products. There may by more than one answer for some cases. 4.38 Give the structure of an alkene that yields the following keto acid on reaction with KMnO4 in aqueous acid: 4.40 What alkynes would you hydrate to obtain the following ketones?,4.42 Predict the product of the following reac
11、tions on 1-hexyne: 4.43 Predict the product of the following reactions on 5-decyne: 4.46 Using 1-butyne as the only organic starting material along with any inorganic regents needed, how would you synthesize the following compounds (d) 2-butanone(CH3CH2COCH3),5.26 Give IUPAC names for the following
12、compounds: 5.38 The orientation of electrophilic aromatic substitution on a disubstituted benzene ring is usually controlled by whichever of the two groups already on the ring is the more powerful activator. Name and draw the structure(s) of the major product(s) of electrophilic chlorination of thes
13、e substances: (a) m-nitrophenol (b) o-methylphenol (c) p-chloronitrobenzene 5.39 Predict the major product(s) you would expect to obtain from sulfonation of the following substances (c) p-nitrotoluene,4-methyl-1-phenylpentane,m-bromobenzoic acid,4-chloro-3-nitrophenol,2-chloro-5-nitrophenol,4-chloro
14、-2-methylphenol,1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene,6.41 Assign R or S configuration to the stereocenters in the following molecules,5.40 Rank the following aromatic compounds in the expect order of their reactivity toward Friedel-Crafts acylation. Which compounds are unreactive? 5.47 Starting with benzene,
15、 how would you synthesize the following substances? Assume that you can separate ortho and para isomers if necessary.,S,S,S,c,b,a,d,e,（苯甲醚）,7.26 Name the following alkyl halides according to IUPAC rules: 7.27 Draw structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names 7.32 Predict the product of the
16、following reactions 7.36 How might you prepare the following molecules using a nucleophilic substitution reaction at some step?,5-Iodo-2-hexene,2-bromo-5-chloro-2,6-dimethylheptane,8.26Draw structural corresponding to the following IUPAC names 8.27 Name the following compounds according to IUPAC rules:,7.48 The SN2 reaction can occur intramolecularly, meaning within the same molecule. What product would you expect from treatment of 4-bromo-1-butanol with base? 7.53 Identify the following reactions as either SN1,SN2,E1,E2,
