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1、Unit 3: Under the sea Gerund动名词,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not) having done,(not) having been done,动名词 的用法：,1.作主语Swimming is good for health.Raising your hat to a lady is good manners .对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing .,动名词作主语时，还可以用it作形式主语： It is no good waiting h
2、ere. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。It is a waste of time talking to him .,注意动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一具体动作）,2. 作表语Teaching is learning. 教学相长.My hobby is making model planes.What wo
3、rried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital .,动名词和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是动名词时，表语也用动名词。To see is to believe.= Seeing is believing.,注意,3.作宾语动名词既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。We would appreciate hearing from you. 我们会珍惜你的来信。The bird escaped being caught.I feel like join
4、ing the army.He was afraid of being abandoned by us.,注意： 在 admit, advise, avoid, appreciate, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, envy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, practise, permit, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, understand, insist on , look forward to, objec
5、t to, keep（on）等后只接动名词作宾语。,注意1. 在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。 This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。 The problem requires studying carefully . 这个问题需要认真研究。 The trees want watering . 这些树需要浇水了。,2. 在 be worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。 His suggestion is w
6、orth considering. The lecture is worth listening to.,3. 在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾补。如： We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke.,注意事项 动名词可被物主代词、名词所有格修饰，也可用宾格代词或名词代之，但作主语时不能用宾格代词或名词来修饰。如： Do you mind my/me staying here? Toms coming late made
7、 me angry. Im sorry for my sons/son having broken your vase.,2. 动名词的一般式有时可代替完成式。如： I remember seeing/having seen you. Im sorry for coming/having come late.,4. 作定语 This is a reading room for teachers. He bought a washing machine the other day. 注意：动名词作定语时与所修饰的名词之间无主谓 关系，只表示被修饰词的用途,而现在分词作定语时与所修饰的名词之间有主
8、谓关系。如：sleeping pills(= pills for sleeping=pills which are used for sleeping)a walking stick(=a stick for walking =a stick which is used for walking) 比较：a burning stick(=a stick which is burning),1. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. been called B. called C. having cal
9、led D. being called,Practice,_,2. Do you mind _ alone at home?A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left,_,3. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attendB. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The president
10、s attending,_,4. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004 春季上海 ) A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able,_,5. The discovery of new evidence led to _ . ( 2003上海) A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief bei
11、ng caught D. the thief to be caught,_,6. - What made Bill so angry?- _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet.A. Having kept waitingB. Being kept waitingC. Be kept waitingD. Being kept waited,_,7. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. be
12、ing caughtD. to catch,_,8. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,_,巩固练习：,1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to hav
13、e sailed,_,2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off,_,3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling,_,4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A
14、. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,_,5. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right.A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know notD. letting not you know,_,6. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to
15、 be doing C. to have done D. having done,_,7. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying,_,8. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. LostC. Losing D. Because of losing,_,9. Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _the story yesterday?A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told,_,10. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them.A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correct,
