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1、目录目录第一章第一章 论文英文摘要写作论文英文摘要写作第二章第二章 英语论文摘要常用句式与表达方法英语论文摘要常用句式与表达方法第三章第三章 论文摘要写作论文摘要写作第一章第一章 论文英文摘要写作论文英文摘要写作论文的摘要一般在一百到两百字左右，大论文（如四五万字的毕业论文） 也可一页（七八百字）左右，要说明论文针对解决什么问题（即意义） 、方法、 如有实验则说明实验基本方法，研究的条件下所得出的一个至几个结论，最后 一句总结结论在给定适用范围下的结论和推广意义。比如，某条件下的某事情 很重要，然而对某条件下的某参数的测定准确度不高，本文通过某方式在某条 件下测得某结果，准确度达到多少，在某限
2、定范围内，本方法可以有何种效果。关键词一定是实词，一般是用来概括你的论文所涉及的一至多个领域，以 及你认为重要的研究方法。比如，一篇关于水处理的论文关键词可以是：饮用 水、紫外消毒、有机物，这就可以了，当然具体的用词涉及到你的论文内容。英文摘要写法英文摘要写法（转）作者：网络互联 文章来源： 一、概述一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而 英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过 1 万字。而 对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来 表达论文之精华。论文摘要的重点应
3、放在所研究的成果和结论上。国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为 200 字-500 字。而国际刊物 要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是 100 字-200 字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇 文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘 要通常多采用第三人称撰写。科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时 间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在 封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用 第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过 20
4、0 个词。摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。陈述性 摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外， 还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。它可以包括三个组成部分点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。二、常见句型二、常见句型常见的摘要句型有常见的摘要句型有：1）This paper deals with.2）This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc).3）This essay
5、 presents knowledge that.4）This thesis discusses.5）This thesis analyzes.6）This paper provides an overview of.7) This paper elaborates on .8）This article gives an overview of.9）This article compares.and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning.11)This paper presents up to
6、 date information on.12)This article covers the role of chemicals in.13)This paper addresses important topics including.14)This paper touches upon.15)This paper strongly emphasizes.16)This easy represents the proceedings of .17)This article not only describes.but also suggests.18)This paper consider
7、s.19)This paper provides a method of .20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze.21)This paper offers the latest information regarding.22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of.23)This article explores.24)This paper expresses views on.25)This paper reflects the state of the
8、art in.26)This paper explains the procedures for.27)This paper develops the theory of .28)This article reviews the techniques used in.29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to.30)This article is about.31)This essay is related to .32)This paper concerns.33)This paper gives an accoun
9、t of .34)This article tells of.35)This paper tries to describe.36)This paper provides an analysis of .37)This paper reports the latest information on .38)The author of this article reviews.39)The writer of this paper discusses.40)The writer of this essay tries to explore.41)The aim of this paper is
10、to determine.42)The purpose of this article is to review.43)The objective of this paper is to explore.破题用语，一般有：破题用语，一般有：The author of this article reviews (or: discusses, describes, summarizes, examines) somethingThis article reviews (or: reports, tells of ,is about, concerns )something.This article
11、 has been prepared (or: designed, written).The purpose of this article is to determine something.The problem of something is discussed .结论和建议，一般有以下几种写法：结论和建议，一般有以下几种写法：The author suggests (recommends, concludes )that.This article shows that.It is suggested that.The authors suggestion (or: conclusion
12、 )is that The author finds it necessary to .三、分类举例三、分类举例1）陈述型论文摘要陈述型论文摘要。陈述型论文摘要（Descriptive Abstract）一般只说明论 文的主题是什么，多半不介绍内容。 例 1 ABSTRACTThis article extends Lehand and Pyle(1997)model to include the possibility that manager may exploit cooperate wealth through transactions with affiliated companie
13、s and/or individuals. The results of our model show that the amounts of wealth exploitation are affected by several factors. They are inorderly managerial stockholding, the severity of penalty, the managers risk attitude, firms expected future cash flows, and the variance of future cash flows. Whats
14、 more, the relation between managerial holding and the amount of wealth exploitation is not separate. Wealth exploitation rises with management share holdings before the break point. When managerial holding exceeds the break point, any further increase in the management holdings will decrease the am
15、ount of wealth exploitation例 2ABSTRACTThe effect of price limit on the stock return, volatility and the structural change is analyzed through a generalized autoregressive conditional heterscedasticity (GARCH)model. The interaction between stock returns and its volatility is permitted in each price l
16、imit regime. While the stock return does not go up when the price limit goes down from 5%to 7%.The stock volatility, on the other hand, is substantially different across three regimes. The higher the price limit, the larger is the volatility. In end the GARCH model does not suffer from the structural change when price limits change.例 3ABSTRACTThis issue presents a complete survey on the integrin, immunoglobulin, and selection
