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1、Unit,2,Grammar and usage,Noun clauses introduced by question words,Empty subject it,Noun Clauses,Subject ObjectPredicative Appositive,Clauses,1.You know that I am a teacher of English. 2. That I am a teacher of English is known to you all . 3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English. 4
2、. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to you all. 5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam. 6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in the exam.,that I am a teacher of English,That I am a teacher of English,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do
3、 well in the exam.,OC,SC,SC,PC,AC,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,OC,Find the clauses and tell the function of them:,SC,What I am worried about,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:,what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which,that, whether, if, as if (as though),when
4、, where, how, why,状语,主语、宾语,Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words,What was he doing?His father was surprised.,subject clause 主语从句,Whats your first impressionof him? I want to know.,object clause 宾语从句,How can I make a grammar lesson interesting? That is my question.,predicative clause 表语从句,My ques
5、tion is how I can make a grammar lesson interesting.,How did Peter respond to that question? I have no idea.,appositive clause 同位语从句,I have no idea how Peter responded to that question.,We change the word order in a clause after a question word into that of a statement. 2. We cannot leave out the qu
6、estion words in noun clauses in any cases.,Attention,Check whether the sentenses are true or false:,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me what was the matter with me. ( ) Could you tell me what the mat
7、ter was with me. ( ),F,T,T,F,1. I have no idea _ he comes from. 2. _ he got the money is still uncertain. 3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4.I have no doubt _ he will win. 5. I have some doubt _ he will win.6. The thing that troubles me is _ to headfor
8、 Europe.,Fill in the blanks using “that/whether/where/how/when”,where,How,that,that,whether,when,1. Its a book. (指代)2. Its over ten oclock. (时间)3. Its raining outside. (天气)4. Its a long way to the museum. (距离),Review the function of “it”,1. We can use it as an empty subject when we use a noun clause
9、 as the subject of a sentence.a. (preferable) It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today. =(correct) That we would not be able to understand Old English today is certain.,Empty subject “it”:,b. (preferable) It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in t
10、he future. =(correct) Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. c. (preferable) It depends on the style of writing when we use certain words. =(correct) When we use certain words depends on the style of writing.,a. (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. =
11、(correct) To master a foreign language is hard. b. (preferable) It is important to know how to use a computer. =(correct) To know how to use a computer is important.,B. when the subject is a to-infinitive.,C. when the subject is a v-ing form. a. ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. =(correct)
12、 It is difficult to stop smoking. b. (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time. =(correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling to Beijing.,We usually use the empty subject it witha clause or to-infinitive (preferable), but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beg
13、inning.,Tip,2. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, chance, turn out and prove as the empty subject of a sentence. It seems that he speaks two languages. =He seems to speak two languages. b. It happens that my new neighbour comes from my home town. =My new neighbour happens to come from
14、my home town.,3. We can emphasize the subject, object, or adverbial in a sentence by using it +be+ the word/phrase you emphasize+ a clause introduced by that or who.,1. It is Prof. Li who teaches us English.emphasize the subject 2. It is English that Prof. Li teaches us.emphasize the object 3. It wa
15、s in Shanghai that I saw the film.emphasize the adverbial,The part we emphasize:,Multiple choices： 1、_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It 2、 I like_ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （04全国卷I） A. this B .
16、that C. it D. one 3、The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. （05全国卷I ）A. that B. it C. this D. him,D,C,B,It is _that keeps us healthy.,Brainstorming:,I.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.,
