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1、SKELETAL SYSTEM,Functions Classification Types of bones, tissues and cells Bone structure (anatomy) Divisions of the skeleton Joints (classification and anatomy of joints) Diseases of the skeletal system,Bones of the Skeleton,carpals clavicle coccyx femur fibula humerus mandible metacarpals metatars
2、als patella phalanges,pelvis radius ribs sacrum scapula skull sternum tarsals tibia ulna vertebrae,21,22,20,15,19,14,17,18,13,1,4,3,2,7,6,5,9,8,10,16,11,12,Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phalanges, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones- carpals, tarsals Flat Bones- rib, scapula, sk
3、ull, sternum Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones Sesamoid- patella,Distal epiphysis,Proximal epiphysis,diaphysis,yellow marrow,epiphyseal line,periosteum,compact bone,spongy bone,Endosteum,hyaline cartilage,Sharpeys fibers,Axial Skeleton,Skull Vertebral column Rib cage (ribs + sternum),Sku
4、ll,Skull Bones,* The Skull consists of 8 CRANIAL BONES + 14 FACIAL BONES * The Ears consists of6 BONES and * Floating in the throat is 1 HYOID BONE,Inner Ear,Rib Cage,Also called the Thoracic Cage 12 pairs of RIBS 7 true ribs 5 false ribs (2 floating ribs)1 STERNUM(breastbone),Vertebral Column (spin
5、al column/ backbone),7 CERVICAL (NECK) VERTEBRAE, 12 THORACIC 5 LUMBAR, 5 FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 SACRUM, 4 SMALL FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 COCCYX (YOUR TAIL BONE),Shoulder Girdles and Arms,The Shoulder girdle is also called the pectoral girdle Consists of 4 bones Upper limbs consist of 60 bones (the ha
6、nds and wrist contain 54 separate bones).,Hip Girdles and Legs,The hip girdle is also called the pelvic girdle Consists of 2 bones Lower limbs consist of 60 bones (the ankles and feet contain 52 separate bones),Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape,Slide 5.52a,Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc
7、. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,Figure 5.29ac,Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape,Slide 5.52b,Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,Figure 5.29df,Anatomy of a Joint,2 or more bones Joint capsule Cartilage Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Fat Ligaments Bursa Men
8、iscus Tendons,Structures of a freely movable joint,Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easier Rickets- vitamin D deficiency Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction,Diseases of the Skeletal System:,
