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1、Fact and Fantasy,Unit 12,Grammar,Word formation,语言的基本要素之一是词汇，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，称之为构词法（word-formation or word-building)。构词法,1. 转化法（conversion）,2. 和成法 ( composition),3. 缩略法 (shorting),4. 缀合法 (affixation),5. 变音法,缀合法： 由词根附加前缀后缀构成新词的方法。由 缀合法产生的新词称之为派生词(derivation)。缀合法产生的词汇是英语词汇的主体。例如： 加前缀re+unite reunite(
2、再联合) 加后缀tract+or tractor(拖拉机) 加前后缀un+friend+ly unfriendly (不友好) 一、常见前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀dis- dishonest, dislike,disadvantageim- impolite, impossible,un- unable, unhappy,unemployment mis- mistake, mislead 2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀under- =below underground,underwatersub-=under subway , submarineinter-=between interne
3、t, international 3.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀extra- 表示“超越，额外” extraordinaryover-表示“超过，过分” overeat,oversleep,二、常见后缀 1.名词后缀(1) -er表示“从事某种职业的人，某地区的人” banker, villager, Londoner.(2) or,表示“者” doctor, operator, inventor. 2.形容词后缀-able, comfortable, valuable,movable-ish, foolish, selfish boyish-ful, helpful, wonderful,
4、beautiful-ine, marine, feminine, masculine,(3) 动词后缀-ize, modernize, organize-en, quicken, weaken, soften, harden-fy, beautify, simplify (4)副词后缀-ly, possibly, simply-ward, downward, upward-wise, otherwise, clockwise-ways, always, sideways,Word formation,1. Study the meaning of these stems and affixes
5、. Match the words and the correct definitions. mis- =wrong extra- = outside inter- =between sub- =underunder- =below over- =too much dis- =not -marine = sea1. _ submarine A. do not like2. _ underground B. work too much3. _ overwork C. action and reaction betweenpeople things4. _ interaction D. put in the wrong place5. _ misplace E. a ship that can travel below thesurface of the sea6. _ dislike F. below the surface of the earth,E,F,B,C,D,A,Homework 1.Review what you have learnt in class. 2.Finish the word study and grammar part on the workbook. 3.Prepare for the next period,Good Bye,
