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1、高考英语写作专题指导,兵团二中 江涛 2010.2,要做好书面表达，除加强语言基本功训练，提高交际能力、表达能力之外，还应注意以下应试策略；1. 考试时间有限，必须合理安排，认真审清题目，围绕情景展开，2.写作务必切题，慎勿遗漏要点，切忌无限发挥，以免言多必失， 3.传达信息准确，避免母语干扰，全篇统筹安排，力求通顺连贯， 4.语言地道规范，复杂结构增色，高级词汇添彩，志在获得高分,一，选词原则,1词义要确切。应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义，才能准确无误地表达思想。每个词都有一定的含义，如果混淆词义，很容易造成用词不当。2选词要贴切。写作时选词要注意语境和文章的文体，使每个词在上下文中用得恰当、
2、自然、和谐。英语中有许多同义词，平时要多注意同义词在不同上下文中的用法，因为即使是同义词或近义词在意义或色彩上甚至用法上也不是完全一样的。3用词要通俗易懂。用词要规范，尽量使用书面语言，少用俚语、生僻词或陈词滥调，以免影响表达效果。4用词要简洁有力。简洁是为了清晰，文章中多余的词不但不能增强语言的表现力，反而使语言显得累赘。因此写作时要避免用词重复嗦。5选词要多样化。用词单一会使语言枯燥无味、苍白无力；而选词多样化可以增强语言的表现力，使文章的表达更丰富。,(1)He didnt come to the meeting yesterday because he was ill His illn
3、ess accounted for his absence from the meeting yestreday. (2)When he was a child，he wanted to learn everything(一般)When he was a child，he had a strong appetite for knowledge. (3)Ill thank you if you think about my application(一般)Ill appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration . (4
4、)Many people are worried about the problem of air pollutionThe problem of air pollution has caused wide public concern. 5)We all think that air pollution is a very serious problem(一般) There is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem(高级) ,练一练：,1这件事情挺难的 That is a difficult(demand
5、ingchallenging)job 2听完讲座后，你们得用英语写一篇日记。 After the lecture，you should(are supposed to) write a diary in English 3感谢你不辞劳苦地帮助我 I should thank (am awfully grateful to) you for taking so much trouble to help me. 4. 在老师的帮助下我的英语有了很大的进步 With the help of my teacher, I have made great (major) progress in Engli
6、sh.,二、造句原则,高考英语写作要求考生尽可能采用比较高级的表达方式以增加文章的表达效果，提高文章的表达档次。要实现这一目标，在句式运用上，考生就不能一味地使用简单句、陈述句，而应根据实际情况充分运用所学的各种句式，提升文章的品位。当然，考生不需要挖空心思，一味追求新、奇、难的语法，而只需掌握一些表达效果好、使用场合广、简便易行的较高级语法即可。我们可以采用以下几种方式：,一、合并单句，使语言由松散变凝练,例1: I was walking along Park Road towards the east. At that time, an elderly man came out of t
7、he park on the other side of the street. 修改：I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. 例2：I can follow my own interests. I can read books, visit museums and take computer lessons. 修改：I can follow my own interests, such as
8、reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons. 分析：运用并列连词，将意义相关的几个句子连接起来，或通过紧缩，去掉一些多余的成分，可以避免句子冗长累赘松散无力。上面两例通过一定的连接方式，使得句子结构紧凑、浑然一体。,二 用复合句替换简单句，增强语言的逻辑感,例1: I heard that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games. I was very excited. 修改：I was very excited when I heard that Beijing
9、won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games. 例2：The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. 修改：The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. 分析：英语句子注重“形合”，所以句子的各个部分往往由各种关系词、连词连接在一起，使得句与句之间衔接自然，层次分明，逻辑感强。上面两例通过使用主从复合句
10、代替向单句，也使行文更富文采。,三，改变句子的开头方式，增强书面表达的表现力,例1：We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.修改： Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.例2： When you are crossing the street, you cannot be too careful. 修改： When crossing the street, you cannot be too
11、 careful.例3：The volleyball players practiced very hard to win the match.修改：To win the match, the volleyball players practiced very hard.例4：The girl was hardworking and careful, and she passed the test.修改：Hardworking and careful, the girl passed the test.分析：句子的语序不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。适当地把一些成分
12、提前置于句首，使句子有所变化，增强了文章的表现力。上述各例通过变换句子的开头，同样也增加了句子的节奏感和音律美。,四。运用固定句式，增强语言表达的思想性,例1: Our brave Ah Fu had saved my little sister.修改 It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister.例2：We were glad to see the crops and vegetables growing well.修改：How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growin
13、g well! 分析：一些特殊语句，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句、结果状语从句等带有强烈的情感色彩。例1使用了强调句型，突出表达了主人公对爱犬英勇救人的欣赏和赞扬。例2为感叹句，生动而形象地表达了看到庄稼和蔬菜长势喜人后的喜悦之情。,五。运用短语结构，使句子表达精练地道,例1: Its a small fiat. Its 25 square meters. It has a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.修改： Its a small fiat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitc
14、hen.例2： My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him.修改： My brother was tiding the bike with me sitting on the seat behind. 分析：适当地使用介词短语、名词短语、非谓语动词、独立主格结构、同位语等结构，可以使句子显得更精练更地道、更有文采。上述两例分别使用了介词短语替代分句和“with+代词+复合宾语”结构，不仅句子言同意赅、简洁流畅，而且地道得多，,1. It is nice to hear from you again.How ni
15、ce to hear from you again! 2.The sun gives off heat and light. This makes it possible for the plants on the earth to grow.The sun gives off heat and light, which makes it possible for the plants on the earth to grow. 3. We had to stand there to catch the offender.What we had to do was to stand there
16、 to catch the offender. 4. You enter the park by the main gate. You walk straight on. You come to a stream.You enter the park, walk straight on and then come to a stream 5. He was deep in thought. He forgot his lunch.Deep in thought, he forgot his lunch. 6. He didnt know me at all. I was very surprised.To my great surprise, he didnt know me at all.,三、行文策略,高分作文有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使得全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是非常重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言单位如果只是被随意地整合，则无法达到有效表达的目的。层次清楚、文理通顺是作文的基本要求，学会使用关联词，是提升书面表达质量的重要策略之一。下面表格中是写作经常用到的一些连接词：,
