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1、Practical English Writing For Business Course,Unit 11 : Section A,Contracts & Agreements,指导：董晓波 制作：石珍珍,General IntroductionSample ReadingUseful ExpressionsWriting Practice,What Are Foreign Economic Contract and Agreements. How Is Contract or Agreement Laid out . Rules for writing Contracts and Agree
2、ments .1.General Requirements.2.Requirements to the Language of Contracts and Agreements.,back,Trade Terms Contracts and Agreements. Useful Sentences1.Useful Sentences on Buying Import Commodities2.Useful Sentences on Agencies3.Useful Sentence on Processing and Assembling Trade（三来一补贸易）4.Useful Sente
3、nces on Compensation trade(补偿贸易）5.Useful Sentences on leasing Trade(租赁贸易）,back,back,What Are Foreign Economic Contracts and Agreements? 涉外经济合同是我国的企业或其他经济组织同外国的企业和其他经济组织或个人之间，在国际经济贸易关系方面为规定相互间权利和义务而订立的书面文件。 涉外经济合同依法签订，受国家法律管辖和保护，对签约各方均有法律约束力。 涉外经济合同，按其繁简程度的不同，可以采用正式合同(CONTRACT)、协议书(AGREEMENT)、确认书(CON
4、FIRMATION)、备忘录(MEMORANDUM)、订单(ORDER)等书面形式。本章主要讨论比较复杂的正式合同及协议书的写作。,How Is a contract or Agreement Laid Out?,CONTRACTContract No._ Date:_ Signed at: _ Party A: _ Party B: _ Address: _ Address: _ Cable: _ Cable: _ Telex: _ Telex: _ Fax: _ Fax: _ _ _ _ _ _Party A:_ Party B:_,General Requirements签订涉外经济合同
5、，应注意以下各点。 1.合法性。 2.全面性。 3.明确性。 4.主动性。,back,1. Diction多使用正式或法律用语。例如：1) At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. （应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。）2) The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel. （雇主应对有关人员给予正确的技术指导。）,3)
6、 This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China. （本合同的签订与解释均根据中国法律。） 4) In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right. (如一方想出售或转让其投资的全部或一部分，另一方应有购买优先权)5) The authorities app
7、roved (the) said application of 3rd November，2004.（“the said“或“said“ 此处是公文体，意为“该”、“上述的”。）,多把 “here 、“there“、“where“ 加后缀使用，例如：1) hereafter: after this time; in the future 此后，今后2) hereby: by means of; by reason of this 据此3) here in: in this 在此4) hereinafter: later in this contract, etc. 在下文中,5) herein
8、before: in the preceding part of this contract, 在上文中 6) here of: of this 于此 7) here to: to this 到此 8) heretofore: until now 直到此时 9) hereunder: under this 在下 10) hereupon: at this point: in consequence of this 因此,11) herewith: with this 同此，因此 12) thereafter: afterwards 其后 13) thereby: by that means;
9、in that connection 因此，从而 14) there from: from that从此 15) therein: in that: in that particular 在那里 16) thereinafter: later in the same contract, etc. 以下 17) hereinbefore: in a preceding part of the same contract, etc. 在上文,18) thereon: on that 在其上 19) thereof: of that: from that source 其中 20) thereto:
10、 to that 另外，到那里 21) thereunder: under that 依据 22) thereupon: then; as the result of that 因此 23) therewith: with that or it 与此 24)whereas: considering that: but 尽管 25) whereby: by what; by which 为何 26) wherein: in what: in which 在何处 27) whereof, of what; of which 关于 28) whereon: on what: on which 在上,
11、多用成双成对的同义词以限定或确定或强调其意义，例如：1) The parties may, through consultation, make amendments to any revisions of this Contract as and when the need arises. （双方可在必要时通过协商修改本合同） 2) This Agreement is made and entered into by and between ABC Co. and DEF Co.（ABC公司和DEF公司双方签订本协议） 3) Each party to this Agreement shal
12、l fulfill or perform any of the obligations under this Agreement. （本协议双方应履行协议规定的义务）,4) This Agreement and any rights or obligations hereunder are not transferable or assignable by one party to this Agreement without the consent of the other party hereto. （本协议以及本协议规定的权利和义务，未经另一方同意不得擅自转让） 5) The amend
13、ments to or alterations of this Contract become effective only after they are signed by both parties and approved by the original approving authorities. （本合同的修改只有在双方签字并在原审批主管机关批准后才能生效）,多用“shall”代替“will”或“should”以加强语气和强制力， 1)The persons employed by Party A shall be responsible to the Manager of Party
14、 A(甲方雇用的所有人员都必须向甲方的经理负责。) 2) Party A Shall，at most favorable prices, supply Party B With spare parts of the 1eased equipment(甲方应以最优惠价格向乙方供应所租设备的备件) 3)This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed (本合同应于签字之日开始生效),注意：在合同中，“shall”并非单纯的将来式，而是常常用来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务；它译成中文为“
15、应”、 “应该”、 “必须”，以表示其具有的约束力.“will”在合同中虽也用作表示承担义务的声明，但语气比“shall”弱，强制力也比“shall”差；它译成中文应为“将”、“愿”、“要”。 “should”在合同中通常只用来表示语气较强的假设“万一”，极少用来表示“应该”这都是英语合同用词与基础英语用词的不同之处。,2. Expression用语要力求准确、明白、严密，举例说明如下：1) Payment shall be made by Party B in a week。这句话模棱两可，因为它既可理解为在一个星期之内，又可理解为在一个星期之后。因此，如果想说前者就应用within a week；如果想说后者就应用after a week,
