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1、Water pollution and treatment,Yang Rongshi Mail: Tel:13984116426,Catalog,1. CONSPECTUS,1,2,3,4,Water Resources and Water Cycle,Properties of water,The species and current situation of water pollution,Hazards of water pollution,1. Water Resources and Water Cycle,1.1 Water ResourcesWater resources mea
2、ns the available water for people, that is water storage and dynamic water, supplied to the various surface、 underground freshwater by precipitate water on the mainland. Surface water includes rivers, lakes, glaciers, and so on. The dynamic water is its water runoff. Surface water resources are comp
3、osed of surface water storage and river runoff. The dynamic water of groundwater is formed by infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and surface water. Groundwater resources are composed of underground water storage and groundwater recharge.,Water resources include surface and ground water. There
4、 has about 1.4*1015m3 water on the earth, the vast majority is ocean water. The 97.2 % of the water resources is salt water which mankind can not be directly used in, and fresh water is only 2.5 % to 3 %. Even if there is 2.5% to 3% of fresh water, most of them is in the Earths North and South poles
5、 and Hill snow and ice, glaciers, in reality, the only 0.5 % to 0.8 % water resources can be directly used by human beings.,1.1 Water Resource,Table 1-l The allocation proportion of water on Earth,Table 1-2 Chinas water resources distribution,Water resources are not inexhaustible, but a limited numb
6、er. In addition, there has uneven distribution of water resources in some region, and there was not much water in some areas. In accordance with international standards, their fresh water consumption accounting for 20% to 40% of the total volume of fresh water, is deemed as a medium water-shortage i
7、n the country; their fresh water consumption over 40% of the total volume of fresh water is deemed to the highly water-shortage in the country.According to statistics, more than 100 countries worldwide are in water shortage, 43 countries and regions in a serious water shortage, which areas account f
8、or 60% of the global land area.,1.2 Water Cycle,Water cycle means through evaporation, condensation, precipitation (snow), Seepage and runoff, and so on, water in nature goes the never-ending and to-and-fro process of the cycle. Water cycle is divided into natural circulation and social circulation.
9、,Water circulation in nature,OCEAN,Lake marsh,Groundwater,Glacier,Runoff,Snow,Precipitation,Air,Evaporation,Plant,Seepage,Evaporation,Rain,social circulation,1.2 Properties of water,(1) The changes in the tri-state water (2) The temperature - volume effect (3) The largest thermal capacity (4) The st
10、rong dissolved and highly response capability(5) The highlight interfacial characteristics(6) The source of the organic material and the element hydrogen in Life-sustaining materials,1.3 The species and current situation of water pollution,Definition Water pollution: “The Law of the Peoples Republic
11、 of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution” has defined “water pollution“ as:For the involvement of some kind of material in water, it causes water to change the chemical, physical, biological or radiological characteristics and so on, thus affecting the effective use of water, being har
12、m to human health or destroy the environment, causing water quality worsen. The phenomenon is called the “water pollution“.,1.3.1 The species of water pollution,Physical pollutionPollutants :solid contaminants、Heat contaminants 、radioactive contaminant Chemical pollution:Pollutants :Toxic inorganic
13、Compounds、 Toxic organic Compounds、Oxygen-Demanding contaminants、Plant nutrients、oil contaminants Biological pollutionPollutants : pathogenic organisms 、（Typhoid, cholera bacteria, etc ）、Virus (C virus, adenovirus, etc.)、 etc,1.3.2 The current situation of water pollution,National surface water poll
14、ution is still serious. Seven major water systems overall belongs to the moderate pollution. The rivers in Zhejiang and Fujian area 、in south-west and in North-west have good water quality， and lakes have the prominent eutrophication problems.,From:2007 China Environmental Status,From:2007 China Env
15、ironmental Status,From:2007 China Environmental Status,From:2007 China Environmental Status,From:2007 China Environmental Status,From:2007 China Environmental Status,From:2007 China Environmental Status,From:2007 China Environmental Status,From:2007 China Environmental Status,From:2007 China Environ
16、mental Status,From:2007 China Environmental Status,1.4 Hazards of water pollution,Hazards of water pollution are mainly in the following areas: (1): Emissions of major pollutants far exceeding the capacity of self-purification of water environment . (2) Serious water pollution. (3) The safety of drinking water being threaten. (4) The imbalance ecological water environment .,2 The components and the measure index of the contaminative water,
