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1、2018/9/15,Specialized English for Thermal Energy and Power Engineering,热能动力工程专业英语,2018/9/15,Lecture 1 Introduction,引言,2018/9/15,1.1 什么是专业英语,是结合各自专业的科技英语 有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。,隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法;特别注重客观事实和真理，表达准确、精练和正式。,专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。专业英语的学习需要有一个良好的科技英语基础
2、，同时也要注意其自身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻译特点等等。,2018/9/15,1.2 学习专业英语的重要性,(1) 科研信息获取,(2) 研究成果展示,(3) 国际交流合作,当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播，而这些资料中90以上都是英语。,世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对子热能动力工程、制冷与空调等专业来说，绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出现。,专业英语阅读能力,申报国家奖项 申请专利 发表学术论文：,85以上的科技资料都是以英语形式出版的,专业英语写作能力,专业英语表达、听说、应变能力,2018/9/15,Lecture 2 Features of Special
3、ized English,专业英语的特点,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,客观性（Objective）、准确性（accuracy）和精练性(conciseness)。,(1) 广泛使用被动语态,(2) 广泛使用非谓语形式,(3) 省略句使用频繁,(4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁,(5) 复杂长句使用频繁,(6) 后置形容词短语作定语多,语法特点,2018/9/15,(1) 广泛使用被动语态,2.1 Grammar Features,主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程，在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断；,中心是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证说明的
4、对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读者的注意。,(客观性),1) Utility boilers are used primarily to generate electricity in large central power stations.,大型中心电站的电站锅炉主要用来发电,2）No work can be done without energy,没有能量不能做功。,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,3) Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants.,电能
5、是在发电站或发电厂产生的,4) The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit.,这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程 ，以便读出期望的数值。,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,(2)广泛使用非谓语形式,非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。, 动名词,用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句,The signal should be filtered before it is
6、 amplified.,2) An object becomes hot. It is placed in the sun.,Once being placed in the sun, an object becomes hot.,物体放置在太阳下会变热。,The signal should be filtered before being amplified.,放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波,(精炼),2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,3) We must do various experiments before a new air-conditioning pr
7、oduct is designed.,Before designing a new air-conditioning product we must do various experiments.,在设计一个新的空调产品之前，我们必须做各种实验,用动名词短语做主语,4) Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.,改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法,5) Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.,传导电
8、流意味着电子在物体内的流动,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features, 分词,过去分词短语替代从句中的被动语态 现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态,The power supply, which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1, is a single-phase inverter.,The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase inverter.,图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相逆变器。,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,
9、2) A thermodynamic system , as it was pointed out above, is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure.,A thermodynamic system, as pointed out above, is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure.,如上所述，热力系统是一包围在某一封闭边界内的具有固定质量的物质。,3) Matter is anything having weight an
10、d occupying space.,任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features, 不定式,用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句,(1) The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied.,The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the inc
11、reasing demand of electric power.,单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。,(2) What does a fuse do? It protects a circuit.,The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.,保险的作用就是保护电路。,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,(3) 省略句使用频繁,省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句中的关系代词which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短语替代从句。,1) If it is possible
12、, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,If possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,2) As illustrated in Fig.1, there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,As in Fig.1, there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,就像图1所示的那样，
13、这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。,可能的话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。,(精炼),2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,As already discussed 前已讨论 As explained before 前已解释 As described above 如上所示 If possible (necessary)如果可能（必要）,其他常用的省略形式：,If so 倘若如此 As previously mentioned 前已提到 When needed (necessary, feasible)必要时 Where feasible 在实际可行的场合 Where po
14、ssible 在可能的情况下,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,(4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁,It句型：it 充当形式主语，避免句子“头重脚轻”,It is very important (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) to,It takes very much time learning,It is clear (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) that,It happened that ,It must be admitted that,祈使句: 无主语
15、，精炼。,Let A be equal to B.设A等于B。,Consider a high-pressure chamber. 假如有一个高气压气候室。,（准确、精炼）,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,(5) 复杂长句使用频繁,1) In the description of a flow field, it is convenient to think of individual particles each of which is considered to be a small mass of fluid, consisting of a large n
16、umber of molecules, that occupies a small volume that moves with the flow.,描述流场时，将着眼点放在流体独立质点上是非常方便的。每个质点都包含了微小质量的流体，它由大量分子组成。质点占据很小的体积，并随流体流动而移动。,（准确、精炼）,为了完整、准确地表达事物内在联系，使用大量从句,2018/9/15,2.1 Grammar Features,(6) 后置形容词短语作定语多,代替定语从句作后置定语，使句子简洁、紧凑，不至于累赘。,1) All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics, which are analogous to those of waves moving through water.,All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics analogous to those of waves moving through water.,2) The instruments present include some digital ones which are relative to DSPs,
