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1、Spinning technology,非织造材料与工程,Chapter 5 opening technology and principle,5-1 Introduction 5-2 opening elements and opening method 5-3 opening design in spinning system,5-1 Introduction,1. Morphology of fiber materials. 2. Primary assignments 3. The first process in spinning system 4. The assignment o
2、f opening process 5. Requirement to opening action,5-1 Introduction,1. Morphology of fiber materials：cotton, wool, ramie,compressed bale with impurity, fibers entangled each other and in irregular order。,5-1 Introduction,1. Morphology of fiber materials Flax, loose，with some impurity。,5-1 Introducti
3、on,2. Primary assignmentsbalelumptuftsmonofiber,5-1 Introduction,3.The first process in spinning system: cotton spinning system（1） carded cotton spinning systemopeningcardingdrawingrovingspinning 。 （2） combed cotton spinning systemopeningcarding preparation for combingcombingdrawingrovingspinning,5-
4、1 Introduction,3.The first process in spinning system: wool spinning system(1) woolen spinning system : openingwashingcarbonizingopeningcardingtape-cuttingspinning . (2) Semi-worsted spinning system openingwashingopeningcardingcarbonizing gilling rovingspinning . (3) worsted spinning system openingw
5、ashing openingcardingcarbonizing preparation for combing combing gilling rovingspinning .,5-1 Introduction,3. The first process in spinning system：ramie spinning systemDegummed ramie：batching openingcardingpreparation for combing combing drawing rovingspinning。Batching: softening,batching,5-1 Introd
6、uction,3. The first process in spinning system：flax spinning systemscutched flax: combingsliver formationdrawing rovingspinning。,5-1 Introduction,4. Assignment of opening process （1）opening process：利用一定的机构及作用，完成纤维松解成为小纤维束的这一工艺过程。（2） Assignment of opening：根据纤维原料状态，设计开松设备与开松工艺，使纤 维材料从包大块小块小块；直到纤维块小到可以
7、通 过梳理作用形成单根纤维状态。,5-1 Introduction,5. Requirement to opening action （1）prevent fiber from being damagednot break up fiber对纤维长度、细度、弹性等物理机械性能的损伤；对纤维成分、结构、表面状态等的损伤。 （2）prevent impurity from being crashed植物性杂质前提：除杂方法为机械除杂,5-2 opening elements and opening method,1. opening elements 2. opening method,1. op
8、ening elements,1.1 spike: 角钉 1.2 blade: 刀片 1.3 saw: 锯齿片 1.4 finger: 梳针,2. opening method,1.1 free tearing:自由撕扯 1.2 free beating:自由打击 1.3 gripping beating: 握持打击 1.4 gripping: 握持分割,1.1 free tearing,（1）definition：纤维原料没有被束缚的状态下被机件撕扯成更小纤维块的一种开松形式。,Application: plucker (抓棉机) balelump,Application: plucker
9、(抓棉机) balelump,Application: fiber feeder lumplarge tufts,1.1 free tearing,（1）definition：在纤维块没有外力束缚或支撑条件下，两个开松机件撕扯纤维块使其变得松散。,Application: three-cylinder opener 三锡林开毛机,Opening element: spike,Application: fearnaught machine 和毛机,Opening element: saw clothes,1.2 free beating,（1）definition在纤维块没受任何外力束缚与支撑条
10、件下，开松机构以 一定速度打击纤维块，在打击中使纤维块变得松散。自由打击开松中常伴有自由冲击(free impacting)。,Beater:打手,arrangement：rotating cylinder、disc or wing with opening element action：to beat fiber flock by rotating beater at a high velocity,Application: three-cylinder opener 三锡林开毛机,Opening element: spike,Application: six-cylinder opener
11、 六滚筒开棉机,opening element: spike,Application: porcupine opener 豪猪开棉机,opening element: blade,Application: picker= 清棉机,opening element: pin or saw,1.3 gripping beating,（1）definition纤维须从连续端被机件握持，另一端断开，并以一定 长度伸出机件握持点，此时以具有一定速度的运动机件对 断开的纤维端实施打击，使纤维块松散。,Application: blender=混棉机,opening element: spike,Applic
12、ation: three-cylinder opener 三锡林开毛机,Opening element: spike,Application: porcupine opener 豪猪开棉机,opening element: blade,Application: picker= 清棉机,opening element: pin or saw,1.4 gripping splitting,（1）definition：纤维须从喂入端被机件握持，以一定开松 机件（体积小，薄）插入纤维须从，并使抓取的纤维扯离 喂入端。在这个过程，如果开松机件带动纤维扯离纤维喂 入端的速度高于纤维喂入速度，开松机件就对纤
13、维产生分 割作用。,Application: flat card 盖板梳理机,Machine arrangement：fiber strandfeed roller + feed plate licker-in: 刺辊,Application: roller card 罗拉梳理机,Machine arrangement：fiber strandfeed rollerOpening roller: 分梳辊,Application: Opening roller 开绵机,Machine arrangement：fiber strandfeed roller + feed plate Opening
14、 cylinder: 开松锡林,5-3 opening design in spinning system,1. assignment in opening design 2. The rules of opening design,1. assignment in opening design,（1）how many is opening action optimum? (3-4)first: bale to lumpsecond: lump to large tuftslast: large tufts to small tufts （2）to select optimum opener：
15、opening element and method； （3）opening parameter: 开松工艺参数。,1. assignment in opening design,（1） carded cotton spinning systemopeningcardingdrawingrovingspinning 。（2） combed cotton spinning systemopeningcarding preparation for combingcombingdrawingrovingspinning,opening and carding,example：瑞士立达(Rieter)
16、棉纺系统plucker金属探测器pre-picker混棉机picker 给棉机flat card。example：青岛纺机棉纺系统plucker重物分离器single axial flow opener单轴流开棉机混棉机桥式吸铁 给棉机flat card。,wool spinning system,(1) woolen spinning system : openingwashingcarbonizingopeningcardingtape-cuttingspinning .(2) Semi-worsted spinning system openingwashingopeningcardingcarbonizing gilling rovingspinning .(3) worsted spinning system openingwashing openingcardingcarbonizing preparation for combing combing gilling rovingspinning .,
