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1、Unit 4,Grammar,The Attributive Clause I,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、 谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。,句子可以由主语，谓语动词，表语，宾语，定语，状语，直接和间接宾语，宾语补足语组成归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,基本句型一： + （主谓）基本句型二： + + （主谓/系表）基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）基本句型四: + +InO +D(主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五: + + +O（主谓宾宾补）,基
2、本句型 一 (subject) +V(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g. His words works.S,V,基本句型 二 + +（主系表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等3）表示变化：get, grow, becom
3、e, turn, go等4）表示状态延续：stay, keep, remain, stand等,基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g. We like the movie.S,V,o,基本句型 四 + +InO +D（主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直 接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常可改为S +V+DO+prep.(to/for)+InOe.g. She gave me an apple.=She gave an
4、 apple to me.,基本句型 五 + + +O（主谓宾宾补） 特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成宾语 是/做e.g. We made him the monitor.S,V,O,OC,1.Plants need water.S+V+O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 ) 2.The flower is so nice.S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表) 3.The sun rises in the east.S +V (主 + 谓 ) 4.He gives me some books.S +V +
5、In O + DO (主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾) 5.We should keep the room clean.S+V +O +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补),Unit 4,Grammar,The Attributive Clause I,带定语从句的谚语：3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。,1.He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。,2.God helps those people who help themselves. 自助者天
6、助之。,She is the girl who can speak English very well.,The Attributive clause 1 定语从句,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。,先行词,引导词,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,3.,在从句中充当成分,后,The man,who lives next to us,who,2.指代先行词,关系词,关系代词：,关系副词:,who/ whom (人） which （物） that/whos
7、e （人/ 物）,where/ when /why,1 The woman is a teacher. 2 The woman lives next door.,The woman who lives next door is a teacher.,1 The nurse is kind. 2 The nurse looks after my sister.,The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.,合并下列句子。,1 Kevin is reading a book. 2 The book is too difficult for hi
8、m.,Kevin is reading a book which/that is too difficult for him.,1 I have a friend. 2 He likes listening to classical music.,I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.,如何选定先行词？ 一、看先行词是人还是物 人 Who whom whose （谁的）that 物 which that 时间，地点，原因 when where why 二、看关系词在从句中充当的成分 从句缺 主，宾，表，定 用关系
9、代词 从句缺状语 用关系副词,关系代词的用法,人；物,物,人,人,(人/物)的,主语,宾语,主语,宾语,主语,宾语,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,The man _ is Liuxiang.,who ran fastest,Liuxiang is the man _.,who ran fastest,ran fastest,a boy， has a scar， forehead,Harry Porter is a boy _ _.,who has a scar on his forehead,Xiao Shenyang is the man _.,whom we
10、 talked about just now,We,talk about,Just now,Which house is yours?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,Changzhou is a city_.,Changzhou,a city,develop fast,which develops fast,Rose and Jack are the lovers _met on the ship.,the lovers / met on the ship,/ who,that,Rose,Jack,_,that,Tran
11、slate the following sentences,There is a beautiful girl whose name is XiaoFang.Youd better learn from Chen, who keeps fighting no matter how many times he loses.,有一个美丽的小女孩，她的名字叫做小芳。你要学学那个屡败屡战的陈小春。,先行词,关系词,连接作用,1.,3.,在从句中充当成分,2.指代先行词,修饰名词或代词的从句。,被定语从句修饰的词。,定语从句,定义,关系词,关系代词：,关系副词:,who/ whom (人） which
12、（物） that/whose （人/ 物）,where/ when /why,1.The man who/that came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl whom/that/who I met is Lucy. 3.He lives in the room whose door is green. 4.I like the book which/that you bought yesterday. 5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.,判断关系词在定语从
13、句中的成分：,主语,宾语,定语,宾语,定语,summary,定语从句关系代词：,whom,who,which,that,whose,When can they be left out？,在从句中作宾语时常常可省略关系词。,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.,2.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.,3.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.,_,(去掉),to,_,(that/which),W
14、hich baby is Jack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,whose trousers are red,Jack,whose =the + n. + of which,The baby,is Jack.,the trousers of whom are red,1 I know the house . 2 The houses window faces south.,I know the house whose window faces south. the window of which faces south.,Exercise 1.Here are my neighbors_ home was destroyed by the earthquake. 2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people_ were asleep. 3.The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything _ they could find. 4.Several days later most of the buildings _ had been damaged were repaired.,
