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1、主讲人：刘红波,土木工程专业外语 English for Civil Engineering,参考书目,东北林业大学土木工程学院,西南交通大学,参考书目,参考书目,华中科技大学,Contents,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering（土木工程学）刘红波 Lesson 2 Construction Engineering（建筑工程）刘红波 Lesson 3 Tall Buildings（高层建筑）刘红波 Lesson 4 Steel Structures（钢结构）芦燕 Lesson 5 Reinforced concrete structure 芦燕 Lesson 6 Bridg
2、e Engineering （桥梁工程）徐杰 Lesson 7 Testing Technique （试验技术）徐杰 Lesson 8 Geotechnical Engineering （岩土工程）刁钰 Lesson 9 Engineering Mechanics（工程力学） 刁钰,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering,Words and Phrases,specialtyspelti: n. 专业，学科 according to 依照，按照 drainage dreinid n. 排水，放水 harborh:b n. 海港，海湾 power plant 发电厂 sewages
3、u:id n. 污水，下水道 population concentration 人口集中 skyscraperskaiskreip n. 摩天大楼 self-containedselfknteind adj.配套齐全的 predominatepridmneit vi.居支配地位 scopeskup n. 范围，领域 geotechnical n. 岩土工程的 specificationspesifikein 说明书 supervisesju:pvaiz vi. 监督，管理,estimateestimeit 估计，估算 subcontractor 分包商 astronomicalstrnmikl
4、 天文学的 telescopeteliskup n. 望远镜 hurricanehrikn n. 飓风asphaltsf:lt n. 沥青aluminum n. 铝runoff n. 流量，雨量waterfront n. 海(湖)滨，江边canal knl n. 运河lock n. 水闸，闸门 hydroelectrichaidrilektrik 水利发电的 Impoundment n. 被坝所围住的水 navigationnvigein n. 航行(学),Words and Phrases,evaluateivljueit vi. 评价，评估 settlement n. 沉降 stem fr
5、om 起源于，由造成 slope n. 斜坡，斜面 fill n. 填土，填充物 eliminateilimineit vt. 消除，排除 scrubberskrb n. 洗涤器，滤清器 incinerationinsinrein n. 焚化 toxictksik adj. 有毒的 hazardoushzds adj. 有危险的 neutralizing 中和 sanitarysniteri: 清洁的，卫生的 Landfill n. 垃圾填埋场,combustible kmbstbl 易燃的 traversetrvs 穿越，横贯 ramprmp 斜道，斜坡 excavate ekskveit
6、vt. 挖掘，开凿 framework n. 框架，结构 photogrametry n. 摄影测量 aerial surveying 航空摄影测量，航拍 laser leiz n. 激光 sonic snik adj. 音波的，音速的 plot plt vt. 绘制，标出 geologic dildik adj. 地质(学)的 municipalmjunisipl adj. 市政的 commission n. 委员会，委托，委任,slurrysl:ri n.（由水和动物粪便、土、煤末或水泥混合而成的）泥浆，稀泥,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering,Predominate =
7、pre(前、预)+dominate(控制) Geotechnical=geo(地球的、地的)+technical(技术的) Specification=specify(规定)+ation(名词后缀) 规定、规范、说明书 Supervise=super(超的、在上面的)+vise(vision 看的词根) Subcontractor=sub(次、下)+contractor(承包商) Combustible=combust(燃烧)+ible(可能的)=可燃的,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering,2. geotechnical di:uteknikl岩土工程的geo-构词成分：地球
8、、土地 geography dirfi 地理学geobiology di:ubaildi 地理生物学geocentric ,di(:)usentrik 以地球为中心的 5. subcontractors 转包商 sub-前缀： （1）在底下 subsoil（2）（地位、级别）低、副 subeditor（3）分、再 subdivide（4）几乎、近于 subarctic suburban,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering,Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning,
9、 design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering,土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的
10、所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering,Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately ow
11、ned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms t
12、o house self-contained communities.,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering,土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，隧道，大坝，港口，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区所必需的公共设施。他们也修建私有的设施，如机场、铁路、管线、高楼大厦，和为工业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。此外，土木工程师规划、设计和修建整个城市和乡镇，最近已经开始规划和设计空间站以容纳独立的（科研）团体。,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering,The word civil derives from the Latin for cit
13、izen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is
14、 much broader.,Lesson 1 Civil Engineering,“土木”这个词是从拉丁语“citizen”派生而来。 1782年，英国人John Smeaton 用这个术语来区分他的非军事工程项目和当时占统治地位的军事工程师的工程项目。从那以后，土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公共设施的工程师们，尽管这个领域比以前更广。,scope,Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of
15、 project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placementwater, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear th
16、e weight of the project.,范围,因为土木工程的范围太广，所以它被细分为许多技术专业。根据工程的类型，就需要土木工程师专家的各种技能。当一项工程开始时，土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图，他们还要确定水管、污水管道和电线的基本设施布置。岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否能承受这项工程的重量。,scope,Environmental specialists study the projects impact on the local area: the potential for air and groundwater pollution, the projects impac
17、t on local animal and plant life, and how the project can be designed to meet government requirements aimed at protecting the environment. Transportation specialists determine what kind of facilities are needed to ease the burden on local roads and other transportation networks that will result from the completed project. Meanwhile, structural specialists use preliminary data to make detailed designs, plans, and specifications for the project.,
