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1、Modern Poetry,Overview,Background,1912-1922 a great poetry boom: 1000poets and 1000 volumes of poetry Two Themes in the 20th cent. In American poetry:introspection and social criticism (introspective social criticism) : the poet explores the depths of his own feelings with regards to what appears to
2、 him to be the injustices of the society that forms his environment,modernism,1890s-1940s, Germany: W. W. I, loss of faith, cheap commercial values and sham business ethics a general term applied retrospectively to the wide range of experimental and avant-garde trends in the literature (and other ar
3、ts) of the early 20th century A break with the past, a belief in art and literature as an avenue to self-fulfillment A wide range of artistic expressions: Symbolism, impressionism, futurism, constructivism, imagism, vorticism, expressionism, dada, and surrealism,Modernism (continued),Modernism drama
4、tized discontinuity and imminent severance from the past while making determined efforts to use the past, its values, and artistic forms by incorporating them in new literary production, a lot of allusions (T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound) Critical of received beliefs; disillusioned, a strong sense of alien
5、ation, of loss and of despair. Fragmentation became a common theme; anti-hero: the person who is the main focus of the work as a hero should be, but he is weak, ineffective, inapt, not strong, brave, courageous,Modernism (continued),Persistently experimental: remaking the language of literature, int
6、erest in technique and craftsmanship: streams of consciousness, the use of myth, poetic image Distinctive feature: Its strong and conscious break with traditional forms, perceptions, and techniques of expressions, and its great concern with language and all aspects of its medium,Modernism (continued
7、),In fiction, the accepted continuity of chronological development was upset by Joseph Conrad, Marcel Proust, and William Faulkner, while James Joyce and Virginia Woolf attempted new ways of tracing the flow of characters thoughts in their stream-of-consciousness styles. In poetry, Ezra Pound and T.
8、 S. Eliot replaced the logical exposition of thoughts with collages of fragmentary images and complex allusions.,Modernism (continued),Modernist writing is predominantly cosmopolitan, and often expresses a sense of urban cultural dislocation, along with an awareness of new anthropological and psycho
9、logical theories.Its favoured techniques of juxtaposition and multiple point of view challenge the reader to reestablish a coherence of meaning from fragmentary forms.“,imagism,Emergence: a reaction to Victorian and Edwardian poetry Thomas Ernest Hulms(1883-1917), English philosopher and writer the
10、Poets Club , 1908: Poets should express their momentary impressions through the use of one dominant image Harriet Monroe (1860-1936) Chicago Poetry: A Magazine of Verse: marked a poetic renaissance in the us and the beginning of modern America poetry in rebellion against Victorian poetry and against
11、 the conventional techniques of the time. Magazines with avant-garde poetry : a new era of poetic experimentation,Features of imagism comparison with traditional poetry,Victorian poetry or traditional poetry moralizing overpadding of extra-poetic matter, iambic pentameter An established meter as in
12、a sonnet or a ballad Clich expression, the ornate diction and complex verse form,Imagist poetry: anti-romantic, anti-Victorian It aimed at instantaneous effect, visual and concise, direct treatment of the “thing” To use absolutely no word that doesnt contribute to the presentation (economy of expres
13、sion) Rhythm: A new musical phrases (free verse) the use of a dominant image, or a quick succession of related image,Imagism (continued),Scientific: Equivalent to naturalism in fiction: based on scientific observation of the outside objects with an attempt to get inside of them, (presenting an image
14、: concrete, firm, definite in picture, yet harsh in outline.) Objective: Recording objective observations of an object or a situation without interpretation or comment by the poet Representatives: Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, Hilda Doolittle, William Carlos Williams, F.S. Flint and T. S. Eliot, Carl Sand
15、burg Influences: Chinese poetry , Greek, Provencal and Japanese poetry (Chinese language: ideographic and pictographic nature, concrete, direct and metaphorical; Chinese poetry: conciseness and precision),In a Station of the Metro Ezra Pound,The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a we
16、t, black bough.Objects: faces of passengers in a crowd Setting, the dim, damp and somber subway station in Paris,Ezra Pound(1885-1972) the father of modern American Poetry,Life: Idaho- Pennsylvania-London, Venice Much traveling in Europe, well-read, interested in medieval poetry Interest shift from
17、classics of western tradition to Oriental literature A controversial person,Literary career,1915 Cathay, a Volume of Chinese translations 1913-1914 secretary to Yeats Leader of the imagist movement, a born teacher of poetry 1915 began working on Canto, a modern epic High Selwyn Mauberley, life and C
18、antacts and Mauberley (1920) the death of Western civilization 1920, Paris, part of Gertrude Steins Circles, helped T. S. Eliot, and Ernest Hemingway 1925, Rapallo, Italy: took Mussolini as the spiritual reincarnation of his hero- Jefferson (art flourished most in a society with strong leaders, a stable hierarchy and a simple economy firmly based on agriculture),
