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1、生物多样性保护重点与 保护策略研究进展,马克平 中国科学院植物研究所 http:/ http:/,DIVERSITAS is an international global change programme dedicated to biodiversity science, under the auspices of:,The Earth System Science Partnership www.ess-p.org,IGBP,WCRP,IHDP,DIVERSITAS,International Human Dimensions Programme,World Climate Resea
2、rch Programme,International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme,International Programme of Biodiversity Science,What does DIVERSITAS do ?,Provide common international framework for collaborative research Build scientific networks Promote standardised methods Guide and facilitate global databases Perform s
3、cientific syntheses Build an important link with policy foraDIVERSITAS adds value to national research,DIVERSITAS: Structure,What biodiversity do we have? How is it changing? Why?,Integrate biodiversity science, linking biological, ecological, and social disciplines3 Core Projects,What are the impac
4、ts of biodiversity changes on ecosystem functioning and services?,Develop the science of biodiversity conservation & sustainable use,DIVERSITAS Science Plan,Drivers land/sea use biological invasions pollution climate change socio-economic,Biodiversity changes,Ecosystem goods & services,Human activit
5、ies Social, legal, economic, political motivators,Mountain bd Freshwater bd Agriculture & bd Health & bd,Convetion on Biological Diversity,生物多样性保护重点地区确定的意义,Conservationists are far from able to assist all species under threat, if only for lack of funding. This places a premium on priorities: how can
6、 we support the most species at the least cost? One way is to identify biodiversity hotspots where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat.,Planning for Biodiversity Stuart L. Pimm & John H. Lawton Science, 1998,The most species-rich cells and those w
7、ith the rarest species do not tend to coincide,Myers, N. 1988. Threatened biotas: hotspots in tropical forests. Environmentalist, 8: 187208Myers, N. 1990. The biodiversity challenge: expanded hotspots analysis. Environmentalist, 10: 243-256,The First Plan for International Hotspots Proposed by Norma
8、n Myers,18 International hot-spots (Myers et al, 1988-1990),Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities Norman Myers, Russell A. Mittermeier, Cristina G. Mittermeier, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca & Jennifer Kent,NATURE | VOL 403| 24 FEBRUARY 2000 ,25 International hot-spots (Myers et al, 2000),Lea
9、ding Hotspots in Terms of Endemism,Species/Area Ratios,Congruence between Plants and Vertebrate,International hot-spots (Myers et al, 2000),热点地区的选择：特有性1500种特有维管植物（世界植物总数的0.5%）鱼类以外的脊椎动物 受威胁程度：原始植被的丧失率大于70%,Key Features for the 25 International hot-spots (Myers et al, 2000),15个地区：特有维管束植物2500种 10个地区：特有
10、维管束植物 5000种 11个地区：原始植被丧失率 90% 3 个地区：原始植被丧失率 95% 25个热点地区：面积210万 km2（1.） 的植物物种 的脊椎动物物种（鱼类除外） 原始植被有已丧失 个热点地区位于热带,Hotspots and the Conservation of Evolutionary History,Hotspots and the Conservation of Evolutionary History,Map of the top 25 biodiversity hotspots containing endemic primates. Hotspots with
11、 endemic species are labeled by name and colored corresponding to the scale with the amount of species evolutionary history in my. Species endemic to multiple hotspots were not used to calculate these amounts (for clarity), and hence the measure of endemic clade evolutionary history has not been inc
12、luded.,25个热点地区的人口密度,人口密度（人km-2) (平均值：42人km-2),人口年增长 (平均值：1.3%),Key features of the Hotspots,The biodiversity hotspots hold especially high numbers of endemic species, yet their combined area of remaining habitat covers only 2.3 percent of the Earths land surface. Each hotspot faces extreme threats a
13、nd has already lost at least 70 percent of its original natural vegetation. Over 50 percent of the worlds plant species and 42 percent of all terrestrial vertebrate species are endemic to the 34 biodiversity hotspots.,WWF Global Eco-Regions,The Conservation Science Program has identified 825 terrest
14、rial eco-regions across the globe, and a set of approximately 500 freshwater ecoregions is under development,WWF Eco-Regions,WWF Eco-Regions,The Methodology for Selecting The Global 200,Finally, ecoregions that represented the most distinctive examples of biodiversity for a given major habitat type
15、were identified within each biogeographic realm. They were chosen based on the following parameters: species richness endemism higher taxonomic uniqueness (e.g., unique genera or families, relict species or communities, primitive lineages) extraordinary ecological or evolutionary phenomena (e.g., ex
16、traordinary adaptive radiations, intact large vertebrate assemblages, presence of migrations of large vertebrates) global rarity of the major habitat type,A blueprint for a living planet,Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forest Ecoregions,Forests of the Upper Yangtze - A Global 200 Ecoregion,Daurian Steppe - A Global 200 Ecoregion,
