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1、英汉有关动物习语的翻译,by 刘敏 刘淑璇 罗园 钱霜,习语,Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual constituents (component part ).In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc. semantically inex
2、plicable.,习语( idiom)是某一语言在使用过程中形成的独特的、固定的表达方式。习语包括比喻性词组(metaphorical phrase)、俚语( slang)、俗语( colloquialism)、谚语( proverb)、典故( literary quotation)等, 是语言词汇的重要组成部分., 英汉习语动物意象比较,由于中西方文化存在差异，动物所表达的内涵不太一样，在翻译与动物类有关的习语时应注意这个问题。,(一)同一动物有相同或相近的内涵,(二)同一内涵不同动物形象,(三)同一动物有着截然不同的内涵,英语 汉语 as sly as a fox 如狡猾的狐狸 as m
3、ild as a lamb 温顺如羊 as black as a crow 像乌鸦般黑 as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样劳碌 as proud as a peacock 极其骄傲(骄傲得像只孔雀) as elegant as a swan 如天鹅般的优雅,(一)同一动物有相同或相近的内涵如,“fox ”狐狸, 狡猾 ; “sheep ”绵羊, 胆小温顺; “ pig ”猪,肮脏贪吃; “wolf ”狼, 凶残好杀;“swan”天鹅, 优雅美丽;“snake ”蛇,阴险狠毒; “dove ”鸽子, 安静平和;“monkey ”猴子, 顽皮淘气等。其反映在语言中表现为：,(二)同一文化
4、内涵不同动物形象,如，汉语中的“虎威 ”在英语却不用“tiger ”(虎), 而用“lion ”(狮)来表示; “讲大话” 英语中借助 horse 这一形象, 而汉民族却借助“牛”这一形象, 因此英语有短语“talk horse”,而汉语有短语“吹牛”,其他如: 英语 汉语 a rat in a hole 瓮中之鳖 as bold as a lion 如虎般凶猛 like a hen on a hot girdle 热锅上的蚂蚁 as strong as a horse 健壮如牛 ,汉语 英语 胆小如鼠 as timid as a rabbit 对牛弹琴 to cast pearls befo
5、re swine 害群之马 black sheep of the family 如鱼得水 like a duck to water,(三)同一动物有着截然不同的内涵,如，“龙“在汉民族的文化中象征着“皇权, 吉祥 “,而在英美民族中 是“邪恶“的象征, 英语中把与上帝作对的恶魔撒旦( Satan)称为“the great dragon“。“狗” dog 一词在英美文化中常作褒义词, 是“Man s best friend“.西方人对狗有极大的好感, 英语中有关狗的隐喻几乎都是褒义的,而在汉语中,狗多为贬义词。,翻译习语的策略 （一）直译,(一)直译 在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的条件
6、 下,在译文中保留原习语的比喻形象和民族色彩。,eg: 1.When the fox preaches, then be aware of your geese.狐狸说教时, 要当心你的鹅。2.a wolf in sheeps clothing 披着羊皮的狼3.crocodiles tears 鳄鱼的眼泪4.A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush. 一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。,5.好马不失蹄 Its a good horse that never stumbles.6.Agood horse often needs a good spur.
7、 好马常需好靴刺。7.黑马 dark horse8.叫狼看守羊 set the wolf to keep the sheep9.一箭双雕 to kill two birds with one stone10.路遥知马力, 事久见人心A long road tests a horses strength and a long task proves a mans heart.,(二)意译 动物习语以其喻义而有生命力, 因此抓住其喻义便是 抓住了其文化内涵。eg: 1.swan song 最后的作品2.rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨3.Kings and bears often
8、worry keepers. 伴君如伴虎4.A living dog is better than a dead lion. 好死不如赖活5.as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗,（二）意译,6.a snake in the grass伪装成朋友的阴险人7.Every dog has its day 士别三日,刮目相看8.You cannot make a crab walk straight. 江山易移,本性难改9.pigs might fly 无稽之谈, 奇迹可能会发生10.lead a dogs life 过着穷途潦倒的日子11.talk turkey 直率地说1
9、2.have ants in ones pants 坐立不安13.make an ass of oneself 出洋相,干傻事14.like an ass between two bundles of hay 优柔寡断,犹犹豫豫15.to fish in the air 水中捞月,16.put the cart before the horse 本末倒置17.非驴非马 neither fish nor fowl18.望子成龙 to expect ones son to become an out standing personage19.一人得道,鸡犬升天 even the dog swagg
10、ers when itsmaster wins favor20.鹬蚌相争, 渔翁得利 Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it.21一朝被蛇咬, 十年怕井绳 A scalded dog thinks cold water hot.22.狗急跳墙 Even a worm will turn.22.塞翁失马,焉知非福 a blessing in disguise,23.亡羊补牢未为晚也 Never too late to mend.24.鱼与熊掌, 不可得兼 You cannot eat your cake and have i
11、t.25.螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后 The wolf has a winning game when the shepherds quarrel.26.一言既出,驷马难追 A word spoken is past recalling.27.羊毛出在羊身上Like tree, like fruit.28.不入虎穴,焉得虎子 Nothing brave, nothing have.29.老马识途 The devil knows many things because he is old.30.人心不足蛇吞象 No man is content.31.鸡鸣狗盗 small tricks,(三)增译直译兼
12、意译, 因为一些动物习语直译后虽不会产生冲 突,却会造成语用失误。译文可直译其字面意思时, 再点 出隐含意思, 使译文形象生动, 可收到画龙点睛之效。,eg: 1.Dont change horses in the middle of the river. 不要在河中间换马-太危险2.It was packed like sardines. 塞得像沙丁鱼罐头一样,拥挤不堪。3.Teach the dog to bark. 教狗怎么叫,多此一举。4.Each bird loves to hear himself sing. 鸟儿都喜欢听自己唱歌, 孤芳自赏。,（三）增译,5.Beware of
13、a silent dog and still water. 警惕无声之狗会咬人,平静之水会覆舟6.Every bird likes its own nest. 人爱其家, 鸟爱其巢7.You can take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 牵马河边易, 逼马饮水难; 不要逼人做他不愿做的事。8.One sheep follows another. 一羊跟一羊, 盲从9.Carrion crows bewail the dead sheep and then eat them.猫哭老鼠, 假慈悲10.黄鼠狼给鸡拜年The weasel goes to pay his respects to the hen -not with the best of intentions.11.盲人骑马 a blind man on a blind horse- rushing headlong to disaster ,Thank you ！,
