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1、,VOICE语态,主动语态,被动语态pp.,及物动词vt.,不及物动词vi.,语态的种类,语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态(active voice and passive voice)。 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。,被动语态,1.一般现在时/一般过去时的形式：be +done (p.p)The company encourages all the employees to work online at home.All the employees _ online at home.,are encouraged to work,一般将来时/过去将来时的形式：w
2、ill/ would be doneWe will hold basic training at the weekend. Basic training _.妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。 My mother told me that my bike would be repaired the next day.,will be held at the weekend,现在进行时的形式：am/ is /are being done 过去进行时的形式：was/ were being done中国国家大剧院正在建设当中。 The National Opera Building is being b
3、uilt at present.,现在完成时的形式：has/ have been done 过去完成时的形式：had been done这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。 The problem has been well solved.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。 The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night.,一般现在时: be( am/are/is) + p.p.( 过去分词) 一般过去时: be(was/ were) + p.p. 一般将来时: will be + p.p. 过去将来时: woul
4、d be + p.p. 现在进行时: be( am/are/is)+ being+ p.p. 过去进行时:be(was/ were )+ being+ p.p. 现在完成时: have/ has+ been + p.p. 过去完成时:had + been + p.p.,不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态比较： rise是不及物动词；raise是及物动词。 错：The price has been risen. 对：The price has risen. 错：The price has raised. 对：The price has been raised. 错：The accident was
5、happened last week.对：The accident happened last week.,及物动词,a.动词后要求有宾语，否则意思不完整的动词。及物动词可有被动结构。She studies English very hard.I always review my lessons in the evening. b. 及物动词的另两种结构及物动词中有少数动词要求一个宾语（直接宾语）外，还要求有一个宾语（间接宾语），才使句意完整。这类动词有：leave, show, bring, lend, teach, give, tell, hand, write等。*Ill tell yo
6、u a story about Lei Feng. 还有少数动词要求一个宾语外，还要求有一个补足语来使句意完整。这类动词有：name, call, get, have, find, turn, think, consider等。They call him Lao Wang.,不及物动词,不及物动词指不可带宾语的动词，也不可用于被动语态。*The sun rises in the east.*He came last month.*They go to school every day.常见的：appear ，come ， go ，get ，fall ，feel ，keep ，look ，mak
7、e，prove ，remain ，rest，rise，seem ，stand ，stay ，turn， turn out , work, listen, look, die, belong, exist, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed,即可不及物 也可及物的动词,这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。 lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的“消散“。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是“升高；举起“。 He lifted his glass and drank.
8、 类似的还有：beat vi.跳动 vt.敲、打; grow vi.生长vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍vt.打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味）vt.嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt.说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt.操作,被动的特殊用法,一、 get + 过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。She got married last week. The patient got treated once a week. He fell off the car and got kil
9、led. He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）He was hidden behind the door. (He hid himself behind the door.)get married/ get changed/be seated / be hidden/be lost / be drunk / be dressed (in),二、主动形式表被动意义 1. 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, becom
10、e, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词/名词, 构成系表结构。The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad. 2. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。Work began at 7 oclock this morning. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.,3. need / want / require do
11、ing, be worth doing, be to blame主动表被动。The flower need watering.4. 在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.,5. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, e
12、at, drink。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。This coat dries easily. Nylon cleans easily. Your speech reads well. This material has worn thin. His book does not sells/ sells well. (没有销路/畅销)Your pen writes smoothly. The plan worked out wonderfully. The door wont lock. The recorder wont play. Food can keep fresh in a fridge. This knife cuts well. The cloth washes well. (耐洗),谢谢观看,
