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1、摘摘 要要变速器是汽车传动系统中重要的部件，主要用来改变发动机传到驱动轮上的转矩和转速，它设计的好坏直接影响到汽车的实际使用性能。本文参考现有变速器参数资料的基础上进行一定的改进，说明了货车变速器的设计计算过程，主要内容是参数的选择和所选零件参数的校核。本文叙述了机械式变速器的功用、要求，在已提供的设计参数基础上，通过计算分析确定结构方案和主要参数。说明了变速器主要参数的确定方法、齿轮的几何计算和校核过程、轴的尺寸确定和校核过程和同步器的选用方法。计算过程主要包括齿轮强度计算，轴的轻度校核。变速器是能固定或分档改变输出轴和输入轴传动比的齿 轮传动装置。变速器由传动机构和变速机构组成，可制成单独
2、变速机构或与传动机构合装在同一壳体内。传动机构大多用普通齿轮传动，也有的用行星齿轮传动。普通齿轮传动变速机构一般用滑移齿轮和离合器等。滑移齿轮有多联滑移齿轮和变位滑移齿轮之分。用三联滑移齿轮变速，轴向尺寸大；用变位滑移齿轮变速 ，结构紧凑 ，但传动比变化小。离合器有啮合式和摩擦式之分。用啮合式离合器时，变速应在停车或转速差很小时进行，用摩擦式离合器可在运转中任意转速差时进行变速，但承载能力小，且不能保证两轴严格同步。为克服这一缺点，在啮合式离合器上装以摩擦片，变速时先靠摩擦片把从动轮带到同步转速后再进行接合。行星齿轮传动变速器可用制动器控制变速。变速器广泛用于机床、车辆和其他需要变速的机器上
3、。 机床主轴常装在变速器内，所以又也叫主轴箱，其结构紧凑，便于集中操作。在机床上用以改变进给量的变速器称为进给箱。 汽车变速器是通过改变传动比，改变发动机曲轴的转拒，适应在起步、加速、行驶以及克服各种道路阻碍等不同行驶条件下对驱动车轮牵引力及车速不同要求的需要。通俗上分为手动变速器(MT)，自动变速器(AT)， 手动/自动变速器，无级式变速器。 汽车变速器一般由前箱体和后箱体组成。关键词关键词:变速器;传动机构;齿轮;离合器;传动比Three-axis six-speed gearboxAbstractTransmission System is the most important auto
4、motive components, mainly used to change the engine driving wheel on the spread of torque and speed, its designed to have a direct impact on the actual use of motor vehicles. In this paper, reference information on the existing transmission parameters on the basis of certain improvements on the vehi
5、cle transmission design and calculation process, the main contents of the parameters of choice and selected parts of the parameters check.This paper describes the function of mechanical transmission, requested that the provision has been on the basis of the parameters, determined by calculating the
6、structure of the programme and the main parameters. Description of the main parameters of transmission methods, the geometric computing gear and checking process, the shaft size and the identification and verification process for the selection method of synchronization. Calculation includes gear str
7、ength, the axis of mild stiffnessTransmission is fixed or sub-file can change the output shaft and input shaft drive gear transmission ratio.Transmission speed by the drive mechanism and institutions can be made individually or with the transmission speed change mechanism mounted together in the sam
8、e housing. Most of the ordinary transmission gear, and some planetary gear transmission.Ordinary general use gear speed change mechanism gear and clutch slip. How slip gear modification joint slip sliding gears and gear of the points. Sliding gear transmission with a triple axial size large; sliding
9、 gear transmission with variable-bit compact, but the gear ratio change is small. Have engaged the clutch and the friction of the sub-type.With the meshing clutch, the transmission should be stopped or the speed difference is very hour, with the friction clutch can be any speed difference in operati
10、on when the speed, but the carrying capacity is small, and can not guarantee strict synchronization of two axes. To overcome this shortcoming, tops in the engagement with friction disc clutch, variable speed by the friction plate when the first round of the slave to the synchronous speed before the
11、engagement. Planetary gear transmission speed brake control available.Transmission is widely used in machine tools, vehicles and other necessary speed of the machine. Often installed in the transmission spindle inside, so they also called the spindle box, its structure is compact, easy to focus on o
12、perations. The machine to change the feed rate of transmission is called the feed box.Automobile transmission is by changing the transmission ratio, the engine crankshaft in turn refused to change and adapt at the start, acceleration, road traffic and to overcome the obstacle of different driving co
13、nditions and speed of the drive wheel traction with different demands and needs. Popular divided into manual transmission (MT), automatic transmission (AT), manual / automatic transmission, non-stage transmission. Automotive Transmission usually after the former cabinet and cabinet composition.Key w
14、ords: transmission; transmission; gear; clutch; transmission ratio目目 录录1 引言.11.1 手动变速器(MT).11.2 自动变速器（AT）21.3 手动/自动变速器（AMT）.21.4 无级变速器.32 机械式变速器的概述及其方案的确定42.1 变速器的功用和要求42.2 变速器结构方案的确定42.2.1 变速器传动机构的结构分析与型式选择42.2.2.倒档传动方案92.3 变速器主要零件结构的方案分析.102.3.1 齿轮型式102.3.2 换档结构型式103 变速器主要参数的选择与主要零件的设计.123.1 变速器主要
15、参数的选择123.1.1 档数和传动比.123.1.2 中心距.143.1.3 轴向尺寸.143.1.4 齿轮参数.143.2 各档传动比及其齿轮齿数的确定.163.2.1 确定一档齿轮的齿数163.2.2 确定常啮合齿轮副的齿数173.2.3 确定其他档位的齿数173.2.4 确定倒档齿轮的齿数173.3 齿轮变位系数的选择184 变速器齿轮的强度计算与材料的选择194.1 齿轮的损坏原因及形式194.2 齿轮的强度计算与校核194.2.1 齿轮弯曲强度计算194.2.2 齿轮接触应力.215 变速器轴的强度计算与校核225.1 变速器轴的结构和尺寸.225.1.1 轴的结构225.1.2
16、确定轴的尺寸235.2 轴的校核245.2.1 第一轴的强度与刚度校核245.2.2 第二轴的校核计算256 变速器同步器的设计276.1 同步器的结构.276.2 同步环主要参数的确定.286.2.1 同步环锥面上的螺纹槽286.2.2 锥面半锥角286.2.3 摩擦锥面平均半径 R.296.2.4 锥面工作长度 b.296.2.5 同步环径向厚度296.2.6 锁止角306.2.7 同步时间 t307 变速器的操纵机构.308 结论32参考文献.33致 谢341 1 引言引言 现在，每当人们观看 F1 大赛，总会被那种极速的感觉所折服。此刻，大家似乎谈论得最多的就是发动机的性能以及车手的驾驶技术。而且，不忘在自己驾车的时候体会一下极速感觉或是在买车的时候关注一下发动机的性能，这似乎成为了横量汽车品质优劣的一个标准。的确，拥有一颗“健康的心”是非常重要的，因为它是动力的缔造者。但是，掌控速度快慢的，却是它身后的变速器。从现在市场上不同车型所配置的变速器来看，主要分为：手动变速器（MT） 、自动变速器（AT） 、手动/自动变速器（AMT） 、无级变速器（CVT） 。1
