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1、The Attributive clause 1 定语从句,定语从句四步,先找先行词 找定语从句 先行词在定语从句中的语法功能 选择关系词,定语从句的定义：,在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句相当形容词的作用在句中作定语。被修饰的词叫做先行词，连接先行词和从句的叫关系词.,The girl who is brave and clever is Mary.,主句,定语从句,先行词,关系词,e.g.The girl is Mary. Mary is brave and clever.,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs
2、.,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词,关系代词:,关系副词：,who, whom, that, which, whose,wherewhenwhy,引导定语从句 在从句中作一成分 代替现行词在从句中的位置,引导词,The woman _ is a teacher.,Example: 1. a)The woman is a teacher.b)The woman lives next door.,Join the two sentences, using the attributive clause.,who/that lives next door,The woman _ lives next
3、 door.,who/that is a teacher,2.a)The nurse is kind. b)The nurse looks after my sister. 3.a)We watched the play “ Teahouse”.b)The play was written by Lao She.,The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.,We watched the play “ Teahouse” which/taht was written by Lao She.,The use of the relative p
4、ronoun (关系代词),1,that指人或物， 在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。,Theyre talking about the film (that) Ive seen.,I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.,e.g.2. Im not interested in the book which has just been published.,e.g.1,2，which 指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。,The apple is mine.,The apple is mine.,The ap
5、ple is yours.,The apple is small.,The apple is big.,?,which is red,which is green,which is red,which is green,3，Who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语（口语），做宾语时可省略,The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.,The man is a police man.He is shaking hands with my father.,4，Whom 指人，在句子中做宾语，不能做主语，常可省略。,The man (
6、whom) you met just now is my father.The woman (whom) she is talking with is my sister.,5,whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（的）,物： whose +n.=of which +the +n.=the +n.+of which 人： whose +n.=of whom +the +n.= the +n.+ of whom,The room, of which the window faces south is mine. The girl whose father
7、 had given us a report got first.,That is the new machine. The parts of it are too small to see.,Thats the machine whose parts are too small to see.,1. The student _father works in the factory is sitting there.2. I like the rooms _windows face south.3.This is the desk _legs were broken.,whose,whose,
8、whose,Have a try,指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 6. We shall never forget
9、 the days (that) we spent together.,主语,宾语,定语,宾语,定语,宾语,例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.,that/who,指人: that/who (主语),例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.,(who/whom/that),指人: who/whom/that(宾语,可省略),例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.,(that/whic
10、h),指物: that/which (宾语,可省略),例3: The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.,that/which,指物: that/which (主语),例5. Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident.A. which B. whoseC. of which D. that,B,关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“的”,Which baby is Jack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,The baby is Jack
11、.,whose trousers are red,Jack, that和which在指物的情况下一般可以互换, 但下列情况一般用that,不用which。前五种,All that can be done has been done,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something,anything, l
12、ittle, much 等不定代词时或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修饰时.,(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰,(5)主句以there be 引导时。 There are more than 400,000 people _ died or were injured in the earthquake. （6）先行词是to be后面的表语或关系代词本身在从句作表语. China isnt the country that
13、she used to be 50 years ago.,(4) 先行词既有人又有物, 用that,We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools that we had visited there.,(7)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？,1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this
14、 D.it,只用which的情况: 1,逗号后面 2,介词后面 3. 句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.,2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A.on which B that C which D.this,必须用who，不用that ：,1.先行词为those, one, ones, anyone, people，he/she/I / they等时; Those who are from Beijing come this way.,二、“介词关系代
15、词”引导的定语从句“介词whom / which”1、介词选择考虑的因素【A B C】： A.与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school. 3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college.,on which,during which,in which,B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars? 2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars? 3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?,
