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1、 分类号： 密级： ： 编号： 工学硕士学位论文2400 吨级江海直达货船优化设计研究硕士研究生硕士研究生 指导教师指导教师： 研究员学位级别学位级别：工学硕士学科、专业学科、专业：船舶与海洋结构物设计制造所在单位所在单位：船舶工程学院论文提交日期论文提交日期 ：2011 年 3 月论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 ：2011 年 3 月学位授予单位学位授予单位 ：哈尔滨工程大学 摘摘 要要由于商品流通的扩大，许多货物需要由海上和内河协作配合运输，江海直达运输正是这样一种方式。江海直达运输方式减少了中间环节，消除了货物损耗，缩短了货物的中转周期，降低了营运成本，提高了运输效率，符合现代物流的发展趋势，
2、深受船东和货主的青睐。在中国，江海直达船舶有着广阔的发展和应用前景，它对连接中国的沿海、远洋航运和内河航运起着重要的作用。本文以 2400 吨江海直达货船为研究对象，根据本船的船型特点，研究适合的优化设计方法与思路，借鉴国内外船舶优化研究方法，对本船进行优化设计研究。主要有两方面内容：一是对其结构进行优化；二是对其推进节能进行改进。 对本船进行结构优化设计后，通过 MSC.Patran/Nastran 软件建立全船有限元模型，根据中国船级社散货船结构强度直接计算分析指南及相关规范，采用全船有限元直接计算法对船体结构强度进行校核和分析，以便真实的考虑各种载况和波浪条件下，船舶航行状态下的各种响应
3、，并校核大开口条件下船体的总纵强度。船舶节能目前已成为世界各国造船界和航运界研究的重要课题，它关系到节约燃料和费用、环境保护以及船舶营运经济效益等问题。随着造船业和世界经济的发展，油价越来越高，致使船舶燃料费用呈显著增高趋势，占船舶营运总费用开支成本的比例较大。因此，船舶节能极为重要，是船舶营运业极为关心的问题，也是关系到国民经济发展的问题。目前，船舶推进节能的技术和方法有很多，对本船推进节能的应用，本文采取一种简单而又实用的方法改变齿轮箱的减速比，来提高螺旋桨的效率，在主机发挥相同功率的情况下，可以降低燃油消耗率，达到节能的目的。本船推进节能改进后，将与原船的推进系统进行比较，以验证和检验其
4、节能效果。关键词：江海直达货船；大开口；结构优化；推进节能ABSRTACTSince the expansion of commodity circulation, many goods require coordination and cooperation by the sea and river transportation. The river-to-sea mode of transportation is such a way like this. It can reduce intermediate links, eliminate the loss of goods, shor
5、t the period of transit of cargo, reduce operating costs and improve efficiency of transportation. It is a favorite way by the owner of ships and the owner of goods. In China, the river-to-sea ships broad prospects for the development and application, it plays an important role which connects Chinas
6、 coastal, ocean shipping and inland navigation.This thesis, titled the Research and Optimal Design on 2400t class of River-to-Sea Cargo Ship, based on 2400t class of river-to-sea cargo ship. According to its characteristics of form, studying domestic and international methods and ideas of optimal de
7、sign, what is in order to optimize the design of the ship. The main concept of this paper is as follows: One is to optimize the ships structure; another is to improve the efficiency of propulsion system.After the structure of the optimum design of the ship, it will have a research on the direct calc
8、ulation of strength to the whole hull structure through FEM and various problem in the process. The ships structure has features such as big cabin and large deck-openings. The calculation software MSC.Patran/Nastran is adopted to establish the model of whole ships hull and analyze the distribution o
9、f deformation and stress, evaluate the ship structure strength completely, which is based on China Classification Society “Bulk Carrier of Direct Strength Guide“ and related rulesEnergy-saving on the ship has become the important issues on shipbuilding industries and shipping community in the world.
10、 It is related to fuel and cost savings, environmental protection and operation of the ships economic benefits. With the development of shipbuilding, the fuel costs of ships were significantly higher and higher, and it has turned into a larger percentage of total operating expenses accounted for the
11、 cost of shipping. Therefore, energy-saving on the ship is extremely important, which is related to issues of national economic development.Currently, there are lots of methods and technologies on the ship propulsion and energy-saving. It will be to use a simple and practical methodto change reducti
12、on ratio of the gearboxto improve the efficiency of propulsion system on the application of this ship. It can improve the efficiency of the propeller and reduce fuel consumption to save energy in the same power of main engine. After the propulsion energy-saving improvements, it will be compared to t
13、he original ships propulsion system in order to verify and test the energy-saving effect.Key words: the river-to-sea cargo ship; large deck-openings; structure optimization; promoting energy-saving目目 录录第 1 章 绪论1 1.1 引言1 1.2 江海直达船舶发展概况1 1.2.1 国内研究背景及现状1 1.2.2 国外研究背景及现状3 1.3 本文主要工作任务5 第 2 章 船体结构优化6 2.
14、1 船体结构6 2.1.1 2400 吨江海直达货船主尺度及主要参数6 2.1.2 结构形式6 2.2 结构优化9 2.2.1 优化策略9 2.2.2 优化方法9 2.3 船体强度理论10 2.3.1 船体总纵强度610 2.3.2 船体横向强度.11 2.3.3 船体扭转强度.12 2.4 船体结构强度有限元分析方法12 2.4.1 有限元法的发展12 2.4.2 船体结构强度有限元分析方法13 2.5 本章小结14 第 3 章 计算模型15 3.1 有限元模型15 3.1.1 坐标规定15 3.1.2 单位制定义15 3.1.3 符号规定15 3.1.4 模型范围16 3.1.5 单元和网
15、格17 3.1.6 材料参数18 3.1.7 创建材料模型18 3.1.8 给模型附属性18 3.2 边界条件19 3.3 计算工况20 3.3.1 CCS 规定20 3.3.2 全船模型计算工况22 3.4 计算载荷22 3.4.1 空船重量22 3.4.2 基于 CCS 的模型计算载荷22 3.4.3 整船计算的设计波载荷模型27 3.4.4 本船计算的设计波29 3.5 本章小结30第 4 章 计算结果及分析31 4.1 位移计算结果31 4.2 应力计算结果34 4.2.1 许用应力34 4.2.2 工况一应力计算结果34 4.2.3 工况二应力计算结果36 4.2.4 应力结果分析.
16、38 4.3 总纵强度校核38 4.3.1 计算依据38 4.3.2 基本剖面模数及惯性矩38 4.3.3 剖面模数的计算40 4.4 本章小结41 第 5 章 船舶推进节能技术及措施42 5.1 概述42 5.2 船舶推进节能技术42 5.2.1 节能船型42 5.2.2 水动力节能附加装置43 5.2.3 船机桨最佳匹配44 5.2.4 结构优化设计44 5.2.5 新型高效推进器45 5.2.6 高效舵46 5.3 节能螺旋桨46 5.3.1 卡普尔（Kappel）螺旋桨46 5.3.2 大侧斜螺旋桨47 5.3.3 尾流收缩叶梢有载螺旋桨（CLTP）48 5.4 本章小结49 第 6 章 2400 吨江海直达货船推进节能的应用.50 6.1 2400 吨江海直达货船的推进系统50 6.1.1 主机、减
