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1、省略句,在英语中，为了使句子简洁明快，突出重点，常用“省略句“，只要不影响句意的表达，能省略的成分尽可能省略。省略现象随处可见,大致可分为以下几种情况。,【高考链接】Its a long time since I saw my sister.（2007全国卷1） _her this weekend? A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit 解析：答案为A。本题考察省略结构，这里why not visit =Why didnt you visit ，这种既注重基础又兼顾生活交际的试题，其
2、实多数学生感觉很容易能得出正确的A答案。,一、句子成分的省略,1. 省略主语。如: Havent seen you for ages!好久不见了! 2.省略谓语。如： (Is there) Anything you want? 你要什么东西吗? (Does) Anybody need help? 有人要帮忙吗? 3. 省略宾语。如： I dont know (where he is ). 我不知道。 4.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分），只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如： (Im) Afraid I cant come. 恐怕我不能来了。 (Have you) Got any ink? 你
3、有墨水吗?,【高考链接】We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. （2007全国卷1） A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 解析：答案为B。本题考查状语从句的省略问题，即根据本句完整句子应该补充为：if （it is） not carefully dealt with，当然， 现在的语言中，已经把这种省略形式固定化了即：if
4、not.,二、复合句的省略,1.在含有状语从句的复合句中 由when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。 When (she was) asked , she didnt answer a word. Water c
5、an be changed into vapor if (it is ) heated. When (you are) working ,you must pay attention. We may try again when (it is ) necessary .,【高考链接】Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes，theres one point_ we must insist on.(NMET2006江西卷) Awhy Bwhere Chow D/ 答案为D。有一点（point）我们必须要坚持的。先行词point 在定语从句中作
6、宾语。关系代词that 省略，故答案为D。,2.在限定性定语从句中 作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same. as和such. as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which。 All you ever want to do is going shopping. Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? What surprised me was not what he
7、 said but the way he said it.,3.宾语从句的省略。如： Tom has gone home, but I dont know why (he has gone home). I heard (that ) he had gone abroad. 【高考链接】Having checked the doors were closed , and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007湖南卷) A. why B. that C. when D. where 解析：答
8、案为B 。 that引导并列的宾语从句，Having前省去that,并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句即使省略第一个that,第二个that 一般不能省。,在并列句中,如果后面的分句,与前面的分句有相同的部分,这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。如: He teaches English and his brother maths. We have been waiting for her to come back to see us, but (we have been waiting) in vain. 【高考链接】He has made a lot of films, but _ good
9、ones.（2007北京卷） A. any B. some C. few D. many 解析：答案为C。他制作了很多电影，但是好的很少。But 引导的并列句子进行了省略but few good ones = but he made few good ones .,三、 并列句的省略,So+助动词/情态动词+主语句型。这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物，意思是“同样”、“也那样”，常理解为倒装结构。如： The boy died and a week later. So did his sister. Im an English teacher, so is my
10、 wife. 【高考链接】My room gets very cold at night.(2007江苏卷) _. A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does 解析：答案为C。在两个答句中,当两者(人或物)情况或意思完全相同,第二个分句用so引出时,出现省略现象，还可引起倒装结构,表示“也“。本句子的意思：“我的房子晚上很冷”。“我的也是”。 So does mine 相当于My room gets very cold at night, too.,四、肯定结构,注意：有时可用so代替名词性从句,以避免重复前面所说的内
11、容,可以用于这类结构的动词有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, hope等.肯定回答结构为“主语+动词+so”,否定回答结构为“主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so”或“主语+动词+not”。但动词为hope, guess时,否定回答只能说hope (guess) not,不能说dont hope (guess) so。 It is sunny today. So it is. (=Its really sunny today.) 【高考链接】Will you be able to finish your respect today?
12、.（NMET2006全国卷II，6） A. I like it B. I hope so C. Ill do so D. Id love it 解析：答案为B。考查情景对话。句意为“希望如此”。,五、在否定结构中,由nor，neither等引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句，这种句子在意思上与前面的句子是相同的，而且主谓用倒装。例如： I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! Neither would I .我也不去了。 【高考链接】If Joe s wife won t go to the part
13、y, _.（2007全国卷2） A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will 解析：答案为B。如果Joe的妻子不去舞会的话，Joe也不会去。neither引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句而且主谓用倒装，这里nither he will 相当于he will not go to party , neither 。,【高考链接】Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? (2007北京卷） Just a minute.Ill have Bob _you to your r
14、oom. A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing 解析：答案为A。have sb.do sth. 结构中，不定式结构to do 省略to .故本句的结构应是：Ill have Bob show you to your room.,六、不定式的省略,1. 在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感观动词及使役动词let ,make ,have 后的“宾语+动词不定式作宾语补足语“的结构中，不定式符号to须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。如： I have
15、nt told you that my family made a lot of money in the nineteenth century by making children work 16 hours a day in their factories.The children were made to work more than 16 hours a day.,【高考链接】Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all. _ . (NMET1995) A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Ill be happy to 解析：正确答案是D. to后省略了look after your cat。,2. 系动词（be）+形容词，即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式时有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号，例如： Could you go shopping with me? Im glad to (go shopping with you).,
