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1、阅读理解,广东考题要求考生能读懂书报杂志中关于一般性的简短文段以及公告说明广告等,并能从中获取相关的信息。 1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中的具体信息 3 根据上下文推断生词的词义 4 作出判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构 6 理解作者的意图观点和态度,主旨大意题,事实细节题,词 义 猜 测 题,命 题 类,推 理 判 断 题,短文的体裁和题材。,考题设计,归纳主旨要义,Getting The Main Idea?,提问方式 要求考生确定段落大意或全文的中心思想，题干中一般main idea, topic, subject, mainly 等字眼。常见的题干形式有： (1)The main/
2、general/central idea of the massage is _. (2)The passage mainly deals with/ discusses _. (3)The passage is mainly about_. (4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(5)What does the passage mainly discuss?(6)What is the topic of the passage?(7)What is the subject discussed in the t
3、ext?(8)What is the passage mainly about?(9)Which of the following statements can best summarize /sum up /express the main idea of the passage?,该题型有效的阅读方法:略读(skimming)：以尽快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的标题、起始段或结尾段、每段的首尾句、以及表示句、段关系的连词等重要部分，以了解文章的大意或主题思想。,topic sentence,How to find the topic sentence: 要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落
4、中心思想常常由主题句( Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%-90%)或段尾处, 有时也在段落中间。同样, 一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此, 在阅读中, 我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。,1Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer,
5、 cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?,Smoking cigarettes
6、 is harmful to your health.,（1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在说明文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying tohide his own w
7、eakness. So, it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearance,So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance,（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。,3If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would ce
8、rtainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu-rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This
9、sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. The paragraph could be entitled _.A. Buying a TV Set B. A selling method C. Buyer Beware D. TV on sale,This sales trick is,called “bait and switch”.,有时段落是先
10、介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现，但不一定就是在正中间。,4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to (转学到)the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston Colleg
11、e provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. The main idea of this paragraph is that _. A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university. B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard La
12、w School and later from Boston College. C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university. D. Tom received an excellent education.,detail,detail,detail,没主题句,即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,Types Of Paragraph Str
13、uctures,At the beginning,At the end,In the middle,No clear topic sentence,1 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisf
14、y all students at the same time.,Practice:,2People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a
15、meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,3A bus driver must answer questions while guiding a bus through heavy traffic .All day long , the driver answers the same questions without becoming
16、angry. Every few minutes a bus driver has to ask passengers to step to the back of the bus .In spite of traffic snarls and thoughtless passengers who cause delays, a bus driver is expected to cover his or her route on schedule.,这一段的隐含主题句可概括为：Driving a bus is hard work,4Just as I settle down to read
17、or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.,
