《2014年中考英语总复习课件：第二部分语法专题突破专题一名词（含13年中考试题）湖南专用》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2014年中考英语总复习课件：第二部分语法专题突破专题一名词（含13年中考试题）湖南专用（24页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、重难点精讲,专题一 名词,知识框架图考点1 名词辨析考点2 名词单复数考点3 名词所有格,名词的分类,名词的数,名词的 所有格,名词的句法功能,专有名词,普通名词,可数名词,不可数 名词,个体名词,集体名词,物质名词,抽象名词,可数名词,不可数名词,单数,复数,规则变化,不规则变化,Of所有格的构成及用法,S所有格的构成及用法,双重所有格,名词作主语,名词作定语,名词,知识框架图,返回目录,返回目录,重难点精讲,考点一 名词辨析 1. 语境辨析(2013年21题，2011年29题) 近几年衡阳中考对名词的考查越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的辨析。常见的水果饮料类名词、动物植物类名词、蔬菜类名词
2、及一些抽象名词是考查的热点。解答此类试题要知道不同的名词所表达的具体含义，以及要能辨别它们之间的差异，这就需要学生准确记忆名词词义并在语言环境中学习。本书开始的2014湖南（衡阳） 中考词汇分类记忆表将常见的词按话题进行分类，可结合此词汇表进行重点记忆。,重难点精讲,返回目录,2. 近义词辨析 湖南（衡阳） 中考对名词的近义词辨析涉及较少，可根据衡阳考情适当补充词条讲解。 (1)voice, noise与sound（见第一部分P62考点5） (2)family, house与home（见第一部分P29考点9） (3)message, news与information（见第一部分P85考点1）
3、(4)work与job（见第一部分P29考点10） (5)question与problem（见第一部分P28考点3） (6)idea与advice (7)condition, state与situation,重难点精讲,返回目录,(8)journey, tour与trip (9)road, street与way (10)chance与opportunity (11)room, place与house (12)cloth, clothing与clothes (13)views, scene与sight (14)race, match, contest与 competition (15)troub
4、le与matter (16)mistake, fault与error (17)force, energy与power,返回目录,重难点精讲,【现学现用】 1.(13衡阳21题） -Jenny，whats your favorite _?-I like bananas best. A.vegetables B.fruit C.drink 2.（11衡阳21题）-Jack, will your family move to Shanghai? -Yes. Thats a very big _ my parents made. A.decide B.decision C.education 3. W
5、here did you go yesterday, Rick? I went to see a _because I had a cold. A. teacher B. doctor C. artist,B,B,B,返回目录,重难点精讲,4. Look! A_ is singing in the tree. A. pig B. bird C. cow 5. Recently people care more about the safety of _.Everyone wants to eat healthily. A. food B. clothes C. noodles 6. What
6、_do you have for Paul? I think he should study harder than before. A. news B. advice C. help 7. Read the _carefully. They will help you know how to use the phone. A. instructions B. decisions C. results,B,A,B,A,8. Could you please pass me something to eat? What about some _? A. water B. orange C. fi
7、sh 9. Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _. A. knowledge B. energy C. change,返回目录,重难点精讲,C,B,返回目录,重难点精讲,10. Wheres Jack? Hes left a _saying that he will be back in a minute. A. message B. news C. information 11. Can you get a piano for me, dear? But there isnt enough
8、 _ for it in our house. A. place B. floor C. room 12. He was born in Italy, but he has made China his _. A. family B. house C. home,A,C,C,重难点精讲,考点二 名词单复数 1. 可数名词变化规则（2011年18题）,返回目录,返回目录,重难点精讲,返回目录,重难点精讲,名词单数变复数口诀 1. 复习以-f或fe结尾的名词变复数： leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf thief 树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮， 架后窜出一只
9、狼，就像强盗逃命忙。 2. 关于以o结尾的单词变复数加es的情况： Negro hero potato tomato 黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。,返回目录,重难点精讲,2. 常见不可数名词 (1)不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它们不能 直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用，也没有复数 形式。常考的不可数名词有：music, fun, news, information, advice, weather, homework, work, air, time, money, paper, traffic, practice, wool， education等。 (2)不可数名词可以借助量词来表示一定
10、的数量。如： a piece of news(一条新闻)；two bottles of water(两瓶水)；four pieces of advice(四条建 议)；six pieces of paper(六张纸),返回目录,重难点精讲,3. 名词作定语时的单复数 (1)名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外： 用复数作定语。 sports meeting运动会; students reading-room 学生阅览室; talks table谈判桌 (2)man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复 数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 men workers男工人; women
11、teachers女教师; gentlemen officials男性官员,返回目录,重难点精讲,(3)“数词+名词”作定语时，这个名词一般保持单数 形式。 a ten-mile walk步行十里的路程; a five-year plan 一个五年计划 【现学现用】 13.(11衡阳18题）There are two _and three _on the table.A.apple;banana B.apples;banana C.apples;bananas 14. There are many _ playing on the playground. A.child B.children C
12、.childs,返回目录,重难点精讲,C,B,重难点精讲,返回目录,15. Could you please get me some _? Im hungry. A.apple B.water C. bread 16. Could you give me_? I need to write down your address. Of course. A. some pieces of papers B. some pieces of paper C. some piece of papers,C,B,17. Mom, there is little food in the fridge. Le
13、ts buy some _ and _. A. chicken; potato B. chicken; potatoes C. chickens; potato 18. In our school all the_ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday. A.women B.men C. woman,返回目录,重难点精讲,B,A,考点三 名词所有格 名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示 形式：一种是s所有格，另一种是of所有格。如： Beijing is Chinas capi
14、tal./Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 1. 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系， 这时只在最后一个名词后加s。如：These are Toms and Mays bags. 这些是汤姆和 玛丽的包。,返回目录,重难点精讲,返回目录,重难点精讲,3. 以s结尾的名词，在s后加“”；不以s结尾的词在词尾加s。如： Teachers Day 教师节;Childrens Day 儿童节 4. of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如： the door of the room房间的门 5. 双重所有格有两种形式：of+名词所有格；of+名词
15、性物主代词。如： He is a friend of my brothers. 他是我哥哥的一个朋友。 Is she a daughter of yours? 她是你的一个女儿吗？,返回目录,重难点精讲,【现学现用】 19. Will you give some presents to our teachers on_? Of course. I want to buy some postcards for our teachers. A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. Teachers Day,B,返回目录,20. _ school is quite near the bus station. A. Ted and Toms B. Teds and Toms C. Ted and Tom 21. Excuse me, how can I get to the station? Go down this road. Its about _ walk. A. five minutes B. five minutes C. five minutes,
