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1、,英语专业四级考试 语法词汇讲座（一）,语法词汇填空,1语法考题的涉及面宽，近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类；动词的三种非谓语形式；各种从句及关系词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒装，强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。 2语法考试的重点突出，语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现，如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。 3具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况。,语法部分,would ratherthat从句一般过去时； It is timeabout timehigh timethat一般过去时； It is vita
2、l necessary important urgent imperative desirable advisable natural essentialthat动词原形； proposalsuggestionthat动词原形； lestthatshould动词原形； if onlythatwould动词原形。,虚拟语气的考点为：,状语从句的考点为：,非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if； 由even ifso，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句； justhardly.when引
3、导的时间状语从句； more than，as.as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。,独立主格结构多以逻辑主语分词的形式出现。 情态动词多与完成时形式连用。 定语从句重点考查介词关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。 动词时态常考完成时态，如现在完成时，现在完成进行时，过去完成时，过去完成进行时，将来完成时等。,词汇部分考点,专业四级考试的词汇部分要求考生能灵活正确运用教学大纲语法结构表一至四级的全部内容，熟练掌握教学大纲词汇表中一至四级规定的50006000个认知词汇及其最基本的搭配。其考查重点为：,1动词、名词与介词的搭配
4、如： popularpatientwith； yieldsolutionadapttransferaccessto； accuserequireof； chargefor；underdiscussion；beyond belief等等。2习惯用法如：confess toset aboutbe used todoing； be supposed tohavemake sbdo等。3由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。,4单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现 5介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the excep
5、tion of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，so much as, nonenothingbut等词在考题中的出现。,专四词汇六大题型,1. 近义词辨析题。 2词根词缀辨析题： 3. 动词词组题： 4. 从句引导词题： 5. 逻辑连词题： 6. 形近词辨析题：,全国专业四级英语填空题常考结构,一、主句单一原则 任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构，如果已经有一个主句，那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句，除非中间有连接词进行联系。For example:,填空题常考结构,例：_, work
6、songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. (A) They occur where they are (B) Occuring where (C) Where they occur (D) Where do they occur,C,填空题常考结构,例1：William Walkers mural, “Wall of Respect,” _an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with social issues. (A) covers (B) covers it
7、 (C) which covers (D) which it covers 例2：In copper engravings and etchings, _caused by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on the paper. (A) the impression is (B) if the impression is (C) impressions (D) the impression,二、谓语动词专一原则 任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。句子中不可能没有谓语动词，也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。,C,D,填空题常考
8、结构,三、平行结构技巧：如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格，那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。填空题中平行结构出现的形式是： A and B, A , B, and C 例1：The technique of recording, classifying, and_is known as accounting. （A）an enterprises transactions summary (B) the summarizing of an enterprises transactions (C) transactions of an enterprise are summar
9、ized (D) summarizing the transactions of an enterprise 例2：Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed ingenious orthopedic braces, _, and supervised the first use of Aureomycin on human patients. (A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in (B) pioneered in treating skull fractures (C) which pioneere
10、d in treating skull fractures (D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull fractures,D,B,填空题常考结构,四、宾语从句结构 填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构： state(陈述，表明)+that indicate(指明,表明)+that 例1：The quantum theory states _, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons. (A) energy
11、 that (B) that it is energy (C) it is energy (D) that energy 例2：Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate_yield when unusual weight is placed on them. (A) although its crust and mantle (B) its crust and mantle to (C) that its crust and mantle (D) for its crust and mantle to,D,C,填空题常考结构,五、介词
12、+ which结构 选择which还是介词+which? “which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子. “介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子，因为 “介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 例1：In the United States, a primary election is a method _voters select the nominees for public office. (A) that (B)by which (C)is that (D)by those 例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game _ players hi
13、t wooden balls through wire arches called wickers. (A) when (B) which (C) is when (D) in which,B,D,填空题常考结构,六、in that结构 在表示“原因”概念的引导词中， because of +名词，consequently是副词, 而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 例1：Mercury differs from other industrial metals _ it is a liquid. (A) whereas (B) in that (C) because of (D) con
14、sequently 例2：Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual _travel over land and water on a layer of air. (A)they (B)in they (C)that they (D)in that they,B,D,填空题常考结构,七、what 结构 记住一点：what=the thing that 例1：The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on_best in its climate and soil. (A) it g
15、rows (B) what grows (C) does it grow (D) what does it grow 例2：During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became_is now Indiana and Ohio. (A) there (B) where (C) that (D) what,B,D,填空题常考结构,八、同位语结构 同位语考试形式一：名词作主语，主语同位语 _ , _ , _ (注意是两个逗号) 例1：The tongue , _
16、 , is an important aid in chewing and swallowing . (A) is the chief organ of taste (B) tasting the organ chiefly (C) the chief organ of taste (D) the organ chiefly tastes,C,填空题常考结构,同位语考试形式二：名词作主语，后面的名词是主语同位语，解释说明后面的名词_ , _(注意是一个逗号) 例2：A prolific writer of prose and verse, _ of Native Americans in he
17、r novel, Century of Dishonor. A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause (B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson (C) was Helen Hunt Jacksons cause (D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. 例3：Often very annoying weeds ,_ and act as hosts to many insect pests. (A) that crowd out less hardy plants than goldenrods (B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods (C) the goldenrods crowding out of less hardy plants (D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants,
