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1、Section Grammar & Writing,语法专题突破,品味语法 读下面课文中出现的句子，判断划线部分在句中分别作什么成分。 1(P17)Worried about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days. 2(P18)Well-known for their expertise，his parents company，called“Future Tours”，transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.,3(P22)Described as an eno
2、rmous round plate，it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.,自我探究 过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语保持一致，过去分词与逻辑主语之间一般是被动关系。表示时间、原因、条件、让步的过去分词短语可以拓展成相应的状语从句。,讲解归纳 过去分词() 一、过去分词或过去分词短语作状语 1时间状语 过去分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。也可在过去分词前加上连词“when，while，until”等，使其时间意义更明确。,Seen f
3、rom the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.When it is seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看，城市显得更漂亮。 Dont speak until asked to.Dont speak until you are asked to.当被要求发言时，你才能讲话。 2原因状语 过去分词作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.,Because it was writ
4、ten in a hurry，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 3条件状语 可用在连词if，unless之后，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Given more time，we could do it much better. If we were given more time，we could do it much better.多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。 4让步状语,有时可用在although，though，even if，even though，whether.or等连词之后，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Though warne
5、d of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields. Though they had been warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然农民们已被警告将有风暴，但他们仍然在地里干活。,5方式或伴随状语 此时相当于一个由and连接的并列结构。 The teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students. The teacher entered the cla
6、ssroom and he was followed by a group of his students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群他的学生。 二、过去分词作状语用法点津,(1)作状语的过去分词其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作与主语之间是动宾关系。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.(I和give之间是动宾关系)再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。 (2)值得注意的是，有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：l
7、ost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)。,Lost in thought，he didnt hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 (3)过去分词常跟when，while，after，if，unless，although/though，as if等连词一起用，修饰谓语动词。 Metals expand when heated.金属被加热会膨胀。 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别：,过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语
8、之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。 Asked why he was late，he cried. 被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。 Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there.我朝窗外望去，看见几个学生在那边玩耍。,Out of the window ,the trees seem more beautiful.(look),【助记】 分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用v.-ing，被动用v.-ed，having done表先后，千万要牢记。,一、
9、用所给单词的适当形式填空,1What about the speech _ (give) by the president,last night?,Wonderful.,2 _ (ask) why she gave up her well-paid job, Miss,Green said that she wanted to be a primary school teacher.,3 When first _ (introduce) to the market, these,products enjoyed great success.,4 If _ (keep) for too long
10、, some medicine will lose,given,Asked,introduced,kept,their effectiveness.,5 _ (face) with so much trouble, we failed to,complete the task on time.,6 We are going to put forward the suggestion _,(discuss) at the last meeting.,7 It is known to all that the United States is the most,_ (advance) countr
11、y in the world.,8Some of them, _ (bear) and _ (bring) up in,the small village, had never seen a train.,9 Though _(defeat) by the young player for the,second time, he didnt lose heart.,Faced,discussed,advanced,born,brought,defeated,10_ (absorb) in the research work, he had no time to,take part in any
12、 activities.,11The _ (injure) workers are taken good care of in,the hospital.,12The students have swept up the _ (fall) leaves.,Absorbed,injured,fallen,二、将下列从句改为过去分词短语作状语,A时间状语,1Generally speaking, when the drug is taken according to the,directions, it has no side effect.,_,2 When the sunrise was se
13、en from the top of Mount Tai, it,was indeed a spectacle.,_,Generally speaking, taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.,Seen from the top of Mount Tai, the sunrise was indeed a spectacle.,B原因状语,3Since we are greatly encouraged by what the teacher said,we have made up our mind
14、to study even harder.,_,4As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young,lady was no longer afraid.,_,Greatly encouraged by what the teacher said, we have made up our mind to study even harder.,Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.,C条件状语,5If we are united, we will overcome any trouble.,_,6 If I had been given more time, I would have solved the,math problem.,_,
