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1、英语中的句法,-周慧娟,陈述句 一般疑问句 按用途分- 疑问句 - 特殊疑问句 祈使句 反义疑问句 感叹句 选择疑问句 句子的分类- 主语从句 宾语从句 名词性从句- 表语从句 简单句 同位语从句 并列句 定语从句- 限定性定语从句 按结构分- 非限定性定语从从句 复合句- 让步状语从句 目的状语从句 地点状语从句 状语从句- 时间状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 方式状语从句 条件状语从句 比较状语从句,简单句,定义：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。 E.g. I get up at six in the morning. My mother and
2、I often go shopping. We help and learn from each other.,简单句的基本句型,简单句共有六个基本句型。 主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P） Im a teacher. He looks angry. The weather gets warmer and warmer. The trees turns green. (连系动词：带表语表示主语的身份、状态、性质或特征的动词叫系动词。Be动词/感官系动词/保持状态系动词keep,remain,etc./渐变状态系动词become, get, turn, grow,etc.),主语+谓语（S+V）
3、 The baby smiled. She dances well. 主语+单宾及物动词+宾语（S+V+O） You must finish your homework on time. The children are watering the flowers. 主语+双宾及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+O+O） My mother gave me a dictionary. My mother gave a dictionary to me. (to:给) My mother bought me a dictionary. My mother bought a dictionary
4、for me. (for:为),主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 （S+V+O+C） They call him little Tom. (名词作宾补) We found the room empty. (形容词作宾补) I saw the children playing in the garden. (现在分词作宾补) I saw the man knocked down by a car. (过去分词作宾补) There be句型,并列句,定义：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句。（有时也可以用分号连接） 表示并列关系的连词：and, so(也), neith
5、er/nor(也不),besides(而且),etc. Mary can swim, so can I. She doesnt like math, neither/nor do I. It is late, besides, Im too tired to go out.,表示转折关系的连词：but, however, yet, while(表示对比), etc. She worked hard, yet she still failed. Tom likes coffee, while I prefer tea. 表示选择关系的连词：or, otherwise, or else, etc.
6、 Hurry up, or else youll miss the train.,复合句,名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句,名词性从句,定义：起名词作用，作主句的主语、宾语、表语或同位语的句子叫名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连词： 从属连词：that, if/whether, as if/though, because,etc. 连接代词：who, whom, whose,which, what, whoever, whomever, whichevr, whatever,etc. 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however,
7、etc.,主语从句,定义：在主句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。 从属连词that引导 That she will go is certain. 为了平衡句子，用it作形式主语，将真正的主语that从句放在主句后构成 “It is/was that”句型, 共有以下几种句型。 （that不能省略） It is+形容词+that主语从句 It is necessary/important that we should help each other. It is+名词+that 主语从句 It is a pity that you missed a good changce. It is+过去分词+t
8、hat主语从句 It is reported/said/believed/thought/etc.+ that主语从句 It seems/appears/happens/turns out+ that主语从句,从属连词whether引导 Whether he will come or not is still unknown. 连接代词引导 What is happening outside doesnt concern me. Who will go makes no difference. 连接副词引导 When he will come back is not decided yet.
9、Why he didnt go to school is not quite clear.,宾语从句,定义：做主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。 I believe that we will win the game. 注意： 有些动词后面的that宾语从句是否定时，否定要转移到主句的谓语动词上，这种语言现象叫否定转移。（think, believe, expect, consider, etc.） That宾语从句之后有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，用it作形式宾语，将that宾语从句置于句尾。 I think it important that we learn English well. I co
10、nsider it a pity that we missed the party.,表语从句,定义：作主句表语的句子叫表语从句。 The trouble is that I have forgotten her address. He is hungry. That is why he ate so much.,同位语从句,定义：跟在表示事实或抽象的名词之后，对前面的名词加以解释说明的句子叫同位语从句。 The thought that he might fail in the exam worries him. They asked me the question whether the
11、work was worth doing. I have no idea what has happened to him.,定语从句,定义:在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词 关系代词：Who, whom, whose, which, that, as等 关系副词： When, where, why等,关系代词和关系副词的作用：,1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 Those who want to go please sign your names here. This i
12、s the house where he was born. Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a a lot of questions.,关系代词的用法,人；物,物,人,人,人、物,主语；宾语,主语；宾语,主语；宾语,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,关系副词的用法,时间,状语,否,地点,状语,否,原因,状语,否,判断下列引导词在句中的用法,Eg:1.He is such a man who never tells a lie. 2. He is the model worker whom/who we should l
13、earn from. 3. A dictionary is a book which often helps us to know the meanings of the words. 4. This is the film which I like best. 5. The boy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.,指代、所作成分、是否可省略,6. The house whose roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon. 7. It was 11 o
14、clock when the accident happened last night. 8. This is the village where I was brought up.,关系代词必须用that的情形,1) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。,2）先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。,3) 先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.,4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。,5）先行词既有人又有物时。 6)
15、 主句是以who/which引导的特殊疑问句,This is the best film that I have ever seen. The first man arrived at the class was our headteacher. This is the only ticket that I got yesterday. This is the very book that Im looking for. Is there anything that I can do for you? All that you have to do is to press the button
16、. There is no time that we can waste. The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station. Who is the man that is standing under the tree?,B. 指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which,This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.,关系副词when, where, why的用法,1.Do you still remember the day when we went to visit the museum together?,
