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1、The Cranial Nerves,脑 神 经,Names of cranial nerves, Olfactory nerve Optic nerve Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Trigeminal nerve Abducent nerve Facial nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve Accessory nerve Hypoglossal nerve,Fiber components of cranial n.,General somatic affe
2、rent(sensory) fibers 一般躯体感觉纤维 : transmit exteroceptive and proprioceptive impulses from head and face to somatic sensory nuclei of the brain stem;Special somatic afferent (sensory) fibers 特殊躯体感觉纤维 : transmit sensory impulses from special sense organs of vision, equilibrium and hearing to the brain ;
3、,Fiber components of cranial n.,General visceral afferent (sensory) fibers 一般内脏感觉纤维 : transmit interoceptive impulses from the viscera to the visceral sensory nuclei-nucleus of solitery tract;Special visceral afferent (sensory) fibers 特殊内脏感觉纤维 : transmit sensory impulses from special sense organs of
4、 smell and taste to the brain;,Fiber components of cranial n.,General somatic afferent (motor) fibers 一般躯体运动纤维 : arises from the General somatic motor nuclei and innervate skeletal muscles of eye and tongue.Special visceral afferent (motor) fibers 特殊内脏运动纤维 : arises from the Special visceral motor nu
5、clei in the brain and to skeletal muscles derived from gill arches (腮弓 ) of embryo：such as the m. of mastication, facial expression and swallowing.,Fiber components of cranial n.,General visceral afferent (motor) fibers一般内脏运动纤维 : arise from the general visceral motor nuclei and relayed in parasympat
6、hetic ganglions,e postganglionic fibers supply cardiac muscles，smooth muscles and glands.,Classification of cranial nerves,Sensory cranial nerves 感觉性脑神经: contain only sensory fibers . Olfactory nerve . Optic nerve . Vestibulocochlear nerve,Classification of cranial nerves,Motor cranial nerves 运动性脑神经
7、: contain only motor fibers . Oculomotor nerve . Trochlear nerve . Abducent nerve . Accessory nerve . Hypoglossal nerve,Classification of cranial nerves,Mixed nerves 混合性脑神经: contain both sensory and motor fibers . Trigeminal nerve . Facial nerve . Glossopharyngeal nerve . Vagus nerve,感觉性脑神经,Sensory
8、cranial nerves,IOlfactory nerve II. Optic nerve VIII.Vestibulocochlear nerve,Olfactory nerve,Olfactory cell Olfactory nerve Cribriform foramina 筛孔 Olfactory bulb 嗅球,Olfactory nerve,Function: conduct the smell,Optic nerve,Ganglion cell of retina Optic nerve Optic canal optic chiasmaoptic tract latera
9、l geniculate body.,Vestibulocochlear nerve 前庭蜗神经,Sensory cranial nerves,运动性脑神经,Motor cranial nerves,III.Oculomotor nerve 动眼神经 IV. trochlear nerve 滑车神经 VI. Abducent nerve 展神经 XI. accessory nerve 副神经 XII. hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经,Oculomotor nerve,supplies : Superior, inferior and medial recti; inferior
10、obliquus; levator palpebrae superiorisSphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle,Nucleus of oculomotor n.,Accessory nucleus of oculomotor n.,Nucleus of oculomotor n.,Accessory nucleus of oculomotor n.,Components General somatic motor（efferent） fiber arises from nucleus occulomotor General visceral motor
11、（efferent） fiber arises from accessory nucleus of ,Oculomotor nerve,Oculomotor nerve,Course: Leave the brain at the interpeduncular fossa; Pass through the lateral wall of cavernous sinus Via superior orbital fissure enter the orbita,Oculamotor paralysis,The injury of the oculomotor n. may lead to:,
12、Droping of the upper eyelid; lateral strabismus 外斜视; Dilation of the pupil; The pupillary reflexes disappear 瞳孔光反射消失,trochlear nerve,Trochlear n. arises from the nucleus of trochlear nerve,and pass through the superior orbital fissure to supply the superior obliquus,abducent n. arises from the nucle
13、us of abducent nerve, and pass through the superior orbital fissure to supply the lateral rectus,Accessory nerve,Accessory nerve,Cranial root 脑根：arises from nucleus ambiguus; Spinal root脊髓根 arises from the accessory nucleuspass through jugular foramen,and supplies 2 muscles,Hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经,Fu
14、nction of Cranial Nerve 12,supplies the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the Tongue genioglossus 颏舌肌 extend the tongue with Contraction,So what happens if the CN12 has been damaged ?,Motor cranial nerves,Mixed cranial nerves,混合性脑神经,V. Trigeminal nerve VII.Facial nerve IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve X.
15、 Vagus nerve,Trigeminal nerve,Components of fibersGeneral somatic afferent fibers: transmit facial sensation to sensory nuclei of trigeminal nerve, the fibers have their cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion, Special viceral efferent fibers: originate from motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve, and supply
16、masticatory muscles,Branches Frontal nerve 额神经: Supratrochlear nerve 滑车上神经 Supraorbital nerve 眶上神经,Branches,Ophthalmic nerve 眼神经 (1, sensory),leave the skull through the superior orbital fissure 眶上裂, to enter orbital cavity,Lacrimal nerve 泪腺神经:lacrimal glandNasociliary nerve 鼻睫神经; eyeball,Distribution: Visual organ Part of mucosa of nose Skin above the palpebral fisure and back of nosecerebral dura mater,
