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1、Translation3_3 三大从句的翻译与特殊句型,By Yolanda,三大从句的翻译方法,名词性从句， 形容词性从句 状语从句,名词性从句,what, how, whether, that, where, when, 引导的名词性从句,用来做主语，宾语，表语，介词宾语或者同位语,What引导 eg: 【what was once regarded as impossible】 has now become a reality.,名词性从句,过去认为不可能的事现在已经成为现实。,eg: 【 what someone chooses to observe 】 and the way one
2、 observes it must, after all, in part be a reflection of experience and of ideas as to 【 what is significant 】.,名词性从句,eg: 某人选择观察的事物和他观察的方式在某种程度上一定反映这个人的经历和他关于重大的事件的看法,总结：what引导名词性从句，翻译成名词，“的事（情）”，在句子中做主语，宾语，表语，介词宾语或者同位语,how引导 eg: I dont know 【 how to do 】.,名词性从句,我不知道该如何做。,That was 【 how they were de
3、feated 】.,他们就是这样给打败的,总结： how引导名词性从句，翻译为“ 如何，这样，那样.”,whether引导 eg: it isnt much 【 whether he works】； the question is 【 whether he works at all 】.,名词性从句,他干多少并不重要，问题是他到底有没有干。,I wonder 【 whether he will come in such a bad day】.,我不知道在这样的天气里他是不是能来,总结： whether引导名词性从句，翻译为双重否定“是不是，能不能.”,when引导 eg: 【 when we
4、will begin to work】 has not been decided yet.,名词性从句,什么时候开始工作还没决定呢。,where 引导 Eg: thats 【where we differ】.,这就是我们的分歧所在。,总结： when引导， where 引导名词性从句，直接翻译“时候”“地方”。,that引导 eg: 【 that you have done such a stupid thing】 was incredible.,名词性从句,你竟然做这么傻的事情，（这）真叫人难以置信。,总结：that 引导的名词性从句常常表示强烈愿望或惊讶，愤怒等。 如果that从句过长，常
5、常在后半句加上“这”。,形容词性从句,Which，why， that， who，where， when，as引导， 常作定语，但是还表示原因，转折等含意，翻译要变通处理。,形容词性从句,前置定语,This is the reason 【why I am not in favor of revising the plan】.,这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因,翻译为“的”+前面的名词,形容词性从句,2.翻译为独立的并列分句,They are short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines, without which the yield o
6、f grape would be halved.,他们缺少搭架的杆子，没有杆子， 葡萄产量就会减半。,翻译时，将从句从句子中抽出来单独组成分句，放在主句后面，分句的中心词应该为修饰的名词。,形容词性从句,2.翻译为独立的并列分句,You compare her with your English women 【who wolf down three to five meat meals a day; naturally, you find her a sylph(身材苗条的女人) 】.,你们英国女人每天狼吞虎咽的吃三到五餐肉食，你拿她和她们比，当然觉得她是个苗条仙女了。,放在主句前面，为了强调
7、,形容词性从句,3.翻译为状语从句,The thief who was about to escape was caught by the police.,小偷要跑时，被警察抓住了。,我们支持开放的贸易制度，（因为）它最终对大家都有好处。,We support the open trade system which is to the ultimate advantage of all.,形容词性从句,3.翻译时，将从句和修饰的名词都分离出来单独成句子,There was 【a man who seems to have the answers】, and that was Mr. Rober
8、t.,有一个人似乎胸有成竹，那就是罗伯特先生。,形容词性从句,4.翻译为谓语结构或者宾语结构,Often and often in after life I have come across people doing jobs【 that I had never dreamed of before】.,在以后的日子里，我一再遇到有人从事的职业（这些职业）是我以前连做梦都没有想到的。,She knew the spots where hens laid their eggs.,她知道（母鸡在那里下蛋）母鸡下蛋的地方。,形容词性从句,限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句,The thief who w
9、as about to escape was caught by the police.,The thief， who was about to escape， was caught by the police.,They are short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines, without which the yield of grape would be halved.,常翻译为独立的分句，或独立从句,名词性从句与形容词性定语从句,从成分来看： 名词性从句，做主语，宾语，表语，介词宾语或者同位语； 形容词性定语从句，在句子中作
10、定语； 从结构来看： 名词性从句，前面没有要修饰的名词； 形容词性定语从句，前面有要修饰的名词。,That名词性从句与that引导的形容词性定语从句,eg: that you have done such a stupid thing was incredible. eg:I saw the cat 【that caught the rat】 【that ate the grain】 【 that in the house】 【that jack built】.,状语从句,时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句,条件状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句 方式状语从
11、句,状语从句,对于状语从句的翻译，一般情况下按正常语序翻译。有时候可以把壮语从句放在主句后面。 在翻译中需要注意：连词能省略就省略。,He must be ill, for he is absent,他肯定是病了，因为他没来。,他没来，肯定是病了。,状语从句,When we were about to get away, a police car came to the front door.,1）当我们正要离开的时候，一辆警车来到了前门。,2）我们正要离开，一辆警车来到了前门。,翻译壮语从句时，省略连词可以使译文更简洁通俗。,状语从句,特殊状语从句 That引导 Before引导 Thoug
12、h引导 Because引导 Until 引导,状语从句,That引导 1）“the+形容词或副词比较级+that从句” 表示原因。the act was the bolder that he stood utterly alone.,(因为)这完全是他一个人干的，所以这一行为更可称为大胆。,状语从句,That引导 2）“in that.” 表示原因。I could understand his point of view, in that Id been in a similar position.,我能理解他的观点，因为我也有过类似的处境。In that = because,状语从句,Tha
13、t引导 3）“not thatbut (that)” 表示原因,翻译为“不是因为而是因为”。it is not that I am unwilling to go with you, but that Im busy now.,不是因为我不愿意跟你一起去，而是因为我现在很忙。,状语从句,That引导 4）“the rather that从句)” 表示原因,翻译为“因为”。I m glad of it, the rather that you will benefit by it.,我感到高兴，因为它对你有益。,状语从句,That引导 5）“for all that从句)” 引导让步状语从句,
14、翻译为“尽管”虽然“。For all that he seems so bad-tempered, I still think he has a very kind nature.,尽管她好像脾气很坏我仍然认为他心地善良。,状语从句,That引导 6）“but that从句” 引导让步状语从句, 翻译为“要不是的话“”如果不是的话”。but that he helps, I should fail.,要不是他帮忙的话，我就失败了。,状语从句,That引导 7）“so much so that从句” 相当于“to that extent so that”, 翻译为“甚至“”以至于”，“因此”等等
15、。he is very ignorant so much so that he cannot read his own name.,他非常无知，甚至连自己的名字都不认识。,状语从句,2.Before引导 Before引导状语从句表示“在之前”但由于汉英表达方式不同，翻译成汉语时，表达有多种。,Be a pupil before you become a teacher.,做先生之前，先做学生.,先做学生，再做先生.,状语从句,2.Before引导,Before I could say a single word, he ran away.,在我能说一句话之前，他跑掉了。,我连一句话也没来得及说
16、他就跑了.,状语从句,Though引导 Though引导的从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后面。 翻译不同：在前翻译为“虽然“、”尽管”； 在后翻译为“可是”，“不过”，“然而”,状语从句,Thought the task was difficult, they managed to accomplish it in time.,He was old and poor, though he was happy,虽然任务艰巨，他们还是设法及时完成了。,他又老又穷，但过得却快活。,状语从句, Because引导 Because引导的从句， 主句是肯定的，主句是否定的，翻译不同，要根据上下文的内涵逻辑而定。,状语从句, Because引导,I didnt go because I was afraid。,我不是因为害怕才去的。,He cannot go to school because he is sick,他因为生病不能上学。,状语从句,Until 引导 主句是肯定句时，翻译为“直到为止” 主句是否定句，翻译为“直到才”,
