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1、Translation,四级翻译题型揭秘,在大学英语四级考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%,共五个句子即五个题，全部为汉译英。句长为15至30个词，其中有部分英语词汇给出,需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，考生只需按照英文句子意思把汉语部分翻译成英文。完成翻译的考试时间为五分钟。,评分细则,1整体内容和语言均正确，满分。 2结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得一半分值。 3整体意思正确但语言有错误，得一半分值。,评分细则,4整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,举例说明,例如：Since my childhood I have found that
2、_ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).（2006.12）,1分,nothing attracts me so much as reading nothing but/other than/except reading can attract me so much nothing can/could be so fascinating as reading nothing is more appealing to me than reading books,0.5分,there is nothing but reading that can catch my attention (意思不确切)
3、nothing was more attractive to me than reading (语言错误) there is no more attractive thing than reading (意思不确切) nothing is more interesting than reading (books) for/to me (意思不确切),0分,there is nothing than reading that is attracted me a lot (意思不确切、语言错误) nothing is more interesting than reading book for m
4、e (意思不确切、语言错误) nothing is more attracted to me than study/studying/studies (意思不确切、语言错误) nothing can contract me more than reading books (整体意思错误),解题步骤,1. 通读全句例如：_（她目不转睛地看着窗外），she told us that our friend Tom had died in the air crash.,解析,虽然汉语部分是一个完整的主谓句，但我们不能想当然地将其翻译成一个英文的简单句。仔细研究逗号以后的英文部分我们就会发现，这一部分才
5、是句子的主干。由于英文中的逗号没有连接两个分句的功能，而本句逗号后面没有连接词，因此划线部分不是一个句子，而是一个状语成分。由此可知，我们必须使用非谓语结构或独立主格结构。,答案,Keeping her eyes fixed out of the window Staring out of the window With her eyes fixed out of the window Her eyes fixed out of the window,解题步骤,2. 审查时态例如：Since were here _(我们不如四处看看）.,解析,首先通读全句，我们发现Since weare he
6、re是一个条件状语从句，意思是“既然我们在这里”，因此划线部分应该是主句，有完整的主谓结构。随后我们开始分析汉语表达，“不如做”的英文表达法是may/ might as well do sth.，与“四处看看”对应的英文短语是look around,而且全句使用的是一般现在时态。因此正确答案是we may as well look around。,解题步骤,3. 付诸笔墨例如：By contrast，American parents were more likely _(把孩子的成功归因于）natural talent.,解析,通过分析可知，本题考查be likely to do sth.“很
7、可能做”和attribute sth.to sb.another thing“将归因于”的用法，对这两点很熟悉的考生可以不费吹灰之力就做出完美的答案，但正确地写出attribute和success并不是件容易的事。正确答案为to attribute their childrens success to。,解题步骤,4. 重新审视。在检查的时候，我们应该确认自己翻译的部分与题目给出的英文部分共同构成了一个语法正确、达意清晰的句子。在这一阶段，我们还应该重点检查句首字母的大写、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致的问题。总之，做汉译英题目的时候，切忌盲目下笔，我们应该在平日的练习中严格遵循以上四个步骤，有
8、意识地培养良好的翻译习惯。,主要考查内容,1.语法考点。侧重点是虚拟语气、倒装结构、从句、非谓语动词（动名词、过去分词、独立主格）等。 2.核心动词和动词短语的考查。,主要考查内容,3.固定搭配。主要是名词与动词搭配、形容词与名词搭配、动词与副词修饰关系、名词与介词搭配、固定词组及固定表达等。,重点词汇和固定搭配的归纳,adapt oneself to =adjust to/ get used to +n./doing (06.12) have (no) trouble in doing sth. =have （no） difficulty in doing sth. (06.6 、09.6，
9、10.6) at ones convenience :be convenient to / for 对方便，便利 (07.6 ,07.12),重点词汇和固定搭配的归纳,take sth. into account/consideration 将考虑在内 (07.6) decide to do sth. 决定做某事 (07.6, 08.12) give up /quit doing 放弃做某事(07.6,09.12) be likely to do sth有可能做某事(07.12 / 09.6/09.12) contact sb./make a contact with sb.；联系 (07.6
10、) look forward to sth./doing sth. 期望 （10.6）,考点详解,虚拟语气06.6, 06.12, 09.6, 09.12，10.61）时态搭配记忆if 从句谓语 主句谓语现在： 一般过去时、were would 过去 ：had done would have done将来：were to do/should do would dowish以及一些特殊结构同上If only /would rather/as if/as though/it is (high) time that,Examples,1. You would not have failed if y
11、ou _(按照我的指令去做). (09 12) A:had followed my instructions 2. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary _(就不会被大雨淋了）(09.6) A:wouldnt have been caught in the rain,Examples,3. The victim _(本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. A:would have had a chance to survive (06.12),2）一些特殊词汇后面需要用虚拟语气，即sh
12、ould+v.,advisable/advice /advise, desirable/ desire, vital, important/ importance, obligatory,essential, necessary/ necessity, basic, fundamental, elementary, suggest/suggestion, propose/proposal,require/requirement 等从句中要有虚拟语气(should) do,2）一些特殊词汇后面需要用虚拟语气，即should+v.,例：1. The professor required that
13、_(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday. (06.6) A: we (should) hand in our research reports. 2. It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁). (10.6) A: (should) be fixed/installed by the window.,3)特殊记忆 lest, in case, for fear that目的状语从句 同上,例： 1. Youd better take a sweater with you（以防天气变冷）。（2008.12） A: in cas
14、e /lest it should turn cold.,4）情态动词的虚拟语气,Could have done 本可能做某事，强调有某种能力，但很遗憾没有做； Couldnt /cant have done 不可能做过，表示对过去情况的断然否定； May/might have(not) done 也许（没）做了，表示对过去情况各种可能性的猜测；,4）情态动词的虚拟语气,Must have done 肯定做过，表示对过去情况十分肯定的猜测； Neednt have done 本不必做某事； Should (not) have done 本（不）应该做某事，但实际做了，表示后悔、责备语气； Wo
15、uld (not) have done 表示按照正常情况或规律将（不）会怎样。,非谓语动词 06.6（2）， 08.6，10.6,非谓语动词包括分词，动名词，不定式。 例： 1. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到区历史博物馆的路）。(06.6) A: in finding the way to the history museum. 2. （为了挣钱供我上学），mother often takes on more work than is good for her. A: To finance my educa
16、tion. （目的状语）,非谓语动词 06.6（2）， 08.6，10.6,3. _(与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting. (08.6) A: Compared with the place where I was brought up. 4. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty _ (集中注意力在实验上). (10.6) A: (in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attention on the experiment.,
