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1、第一章 CMMI Overview,南台科技大學 資管系,Table of Contents,流程與流程改善 CMMI 的基本認知 CMMI 的誤解 台灣現況與建議 Q&A,流程與流程改善,What Is a Process?,A process (流程 or 過程) is a set of practices ( or a sequence of actions) performed for a given purpose. Integrating people, procedures & methods, and tools together. Example?,Defining a Pr
2、ocess,A mature process is documented with process notations, e.g., data flow diagrams, activity diagrams, check lists, flowchart. Activity details: Purpose, participants, inputs, entry criteria, work products, outputs, exit criteria, performance measure, sub-practices, and work items.,What Is a Soft
3、ware Process?,A software process is a set of activities, methods, practices, tools, and transformations that people employ to develop and maintain software. The associated products include project plans, design documents, code, test cases, user manuals, ,What Is a Process Model?,A process model is a
4、 common set of process requirements, capturing best practices, practical knowledge to guide priorities. a structured collection of elements that describe characteristics of effective processes. A process model is used as a guide to modify or create processes using practices that have been proven to
5、increase process capability. to assess process capability for two purposes: Establish a baseline for improvement. Measure progress as improvement activities proceed.,Modeling the Software Process,Decomposing the software process, it can be viewed as a set of defect injection and defect removal activ
6、ities.,Defect Estimating,Benefits of Process Improvement,Process improvement is aimed at increasing the capability of work processes. Process capability: the inherent ability of a process to produce planned results. As process capability increases, it becomes predictable and measurable. major causes
7、 of poor quality and productivity are controlled or eliminated.,Model-Based Process Improvement,Process improvement (流程改善) cycle Management commitment and an assessment. The findings from assessment to feed action plans. Plans complete, perform further assessments. The cycle continue.,A Process Impr
8、ovement Approach by SEI: IDEAL Model,Initiating,Diagnosing,Establishing,Acting,Learning,Propose Future Actions,Analyze and Validate,Pilot/Test SolutionCreate Solution,Develop Approach,Set Priorities,Develop Recommendations,Characterize Current and Desired States,Charter Infrastructure,Build Sponsors
9、hip,Stimulus for Change,Set Context,Implement SolutionRefineSolution,Plan Actions,A Process Improvement Approach by SEI: IDEAL Model (2),Initiating Set context, Build sponsorship, charter infrastructure Diagnosing Characterize current & desired states, Develop recommendations Establishing Set priori
10、ties, Develop approach, Plan actions Acting Create solution, Pilot/test solution, Refine solution, Implement solution Learning Analyze and validate, propose future actions,CMMI 基本的認知,CMM 和 CMMI 的演進,Carnegie Mellon University USA DOD Supported Software Engineering Institute (SEI) 1987 First CMM (Capa
11、bility Maturity Model) published as a technical report 1989 Book on the software maturity framework published 1991CMM V. 1.0 for software published 1993/1994 CMM V. 1.1 for software published PSP (Personal Software Process) developed by the SEI 1995 New specialized CMM published by the SEI , includi
12、ng CMMs for software acquisition (SA-CMM), system engineering (SE-CMM), integrated product development (IPD-CMM) and human resource management (People-CMM),CMM 和 CMMI 的演進 (2),1996 TSP (Team Software Process) developed by the SEI 1997 New Quality Standards continue to emerge, such as EIA/IS 731, CMMI
13、 (Capability Maturity Model Integration) project by the USA DOD. 12/2000 CMMI V. 1.02 Published (Translation of Chinese Version by III 資策會) 12/2001 CMMI V. 1.1Pulblished 2003 The SEI has announced - SEI will discontinue any support of CMM after December 2005.,A Proliferation of Models and Standards,
14、CMMI的發展,Sponsored by the US Department of Defense (DOD) and National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA) Collaborative endeavor, over 100 people involved from Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Government Industry,The Three Source Models in CMMI,Numbers of Process Areas,Four Disciplines of CMMI,
15、CMMI-SW/SE/IPPD/SS includes four disciplines: Bodies of knowledge System engineering Software engineering Integrated product and process development Supplier sourcing,Four Disciplines of CMMI (2),System engineering focus on transforming customers needs, expectations, and constraints into products an
16、d supporting these products through their life. Software engineering focus on applying systematic, disciplined and quantifiable approaches to the development, operations, and maintenance of software.,Four Disciplines of CMMI (3),Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD) is a systematic appro
17、ach that achieves a timely collaboration of relevant stakeholders throughout the life of the product to satisfy customers needs, expectations, and requirements. Must select one or more disciplines in addition to IPPD. Supplier Sourcing covers the acquisition of products from suppliers. Must select one or more disciplines in addition to SS.,
