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1、被动语态,The Passive Voice,She waters the flowers every day.,The flowers,What does she doevery day?,every day.,are watered,by her,They do their homework after school.,Their homework is done by them after school.,He plays basketball every week.,Basketball is played by him every week.,My mother sweeps the
2、 floor every day.,The floor is swept by my mother every day.,jacket,The jacket is used for keeping warm.,The jacket is made in Guangzhou.,Guangzhou,keeping warm,Zhengzhou,knives,cutting things,(一) 语 态 分 类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the ri
3、ver. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。,(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以 give 为例，列表如下：一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 过去将来时： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。,am / is / are + done was / were + done shall
4、 / will + be done should / would + be done am / is / are + being + done was / were + being + done have / has + been + done had + been + done,(三) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were
5、made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.,(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法,（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her
6、 dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.,1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。,(五)语态转换时所注意的问题
7、1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直
8、接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时： S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,变为被动语态,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+w
9、as/were +过去分词,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词,4.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 过去将来时： S+ would+be+过去分词,5. Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are be
10、ing painted by some workers now. 现在进行时：S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,6I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night,My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 过去进行时：S+ was/were+being+过去分词,7We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时：S+ have/has + been+过去分词,8We ha
11、ve made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 过去完成时：S+ had+ been+过去分词,water,watered watered,use,used used,study,studied studied,stop,stopped stopped,do,did done,ride,rode ridden,For example,clean,finish,play,smoke,plant,carry,find,found found,make,made made,invent,build,built built
12、,sweep,swept swept,take,took taken,buy,bought bought,have,had had,Lets have a try.,sing,sang sung,tell,told told,give,gave given,She waters the flowers every day.,The flowers,What does she doevery day?,every day.,are watered,by her,They do their homework after school.,Their homework is done by them
13、after school.,He plays basketball every week.,Basketball is played by him every week.,My mother sweeps the floor every day.,The floor is swept by my mother every day.,jacket,The jacket is used for keeping warm.,The jacket is made in Guangzhou.,Guangzhou,keeping warm,Zhengzhou,knives,cutting things,s
14、ummary,英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.,一般现在时(simple present)： S(主语)+am/is/are +过去分词(done),一般过去时(simple past)： S+was/were +过去分词(done),2. I bought a computer last term,A computer was bought (by me) last term.,The light was invented by Thomas Edison .,inven
15、t,Thomas Edison invented the light.,Jim rode the motorbike to his factory yesterday.,The motorbike was ridden to his factory yesterday.,They had an evening party last week.,An evening party was had last week.,The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago.,Chinese people built the Great Wall many years ago.,The students planted many trees yesterday.,Many trees were planted by the students yesterday.,Ann can take good care of the cats ,The cats can be taken good care of by Ann. 情态动词(model verb)：S+ can/must/should等情态动词 + be+过去分词,
