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1、,Unit 2,Section A Grammar Focus,Object clauses withthat, if and whether,I think that theyre fun to watch.Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic.Bill wonders whether theyll have the sweet rice dumplings again next year.I wonder if its similar to the water festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Provi
2、nce.,Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.,一、宾语从句的概念,在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词） 语 序 时 态,1. I hear (that) _. 2. He said (that) _. 3. The teacher told us (that) _ _.,he will be back in an
3、hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,由that引导的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。,around the sun,Object clauses with that,连词that不能省略的几种情况在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。,1. 从句的主语是that。如：He says that that is a real kin
4、gs hat.他说那是一个真的王冠。,2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. 3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。如：It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。,4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her
5、son. 她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。,These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars. Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars. People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier. We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system. The journe
6、y to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light. Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.,Which of the following sentences has an object clause?,根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子,1. 我认为玛丽不回来了。I dont think Mary _ _. 2. 山姆给我
7、说他准备去上海。Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai. 3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.,will,come,was,leaving,if / whether,. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater. 米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。The fisherman wants to
8、 know if/whether it will rain. 渔民想知道天是否会下雨。,Object clauses with if and whether,由if / whether引导的宾语从句,. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?,其次要注意时态变化：1.
9、 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。,2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：Did the train leave? She didnt know. She didnt know if / whether the train had left.,. if和whether的区别 二者在下列几种情况下不能换用： 1.
10、宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.这是否对，我不能说。,2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether，不能用if。如：I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否来。,3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：She cant decide whether to go to America. 她不能决定是否去美国。 4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：I worry about
11、 whether I hurt her feeling. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。,5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow.汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。 6. if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：If Simon comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. 假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。,1. I dont know if Mr. Wang _on a field trip. If
12、he _ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me. A. goes; will go B. will go; goes C. will go; will go D. goes; goes 2. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it wasC. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it,B,B,3. They wondered if the teacher _ us English the next term.A. would teach B
13、. had taught C. will teach D. taught,A,Choose the right answers.,5. I havent decide _ Ill go out or stay at home.A. if B. when C. why D. whether 6. I want to know _ he loves you.A. that B. what C. if D. who,D,C,4. The boy asked _ any noise from outside.A. whether had I heard B. whether I had heardC.
14、 whether have I heard D. whether I have heard,B,A,C,7. I wondered _ our teacher was going to attend our party.A. whether B. why C. where D. that8. Id like to know _ or not.A. whether will he come B. whether has he comeC. whether he will come D. if he will come,改为含宾语从句的复合句,1. Will the train arrive on
15、 time? I want to know. I want to know _ the train _ on time. 2. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.,will arrive,if / whether,came,if / whether,Complete the sentences.,1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。We are wondering _ on Mars. 2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？Could you tell me _ _ to Mars?,
