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1、4章 2003.11 revision,1,4章 价格条件及作价 国际贸易价格术语,案例：吴先生在商场购买彩电，29吋彩电的标价是“1888元，送货上门”解读“送货上门”：商场负责安排市内运输的车辆责任商场承担彩电上门以前的风险风险商场支付市内运费费用“送货上门”是针对“1888元”这项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的划分,4章 2003.11 revision,2,4.1 价格条件及价格术语,价格条件：针对某项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的界限划分Free on Board， 送货上船(船上交货）：这是国际贸易中最早出现的价格条件为了减少字数，节省电报费用， Free
2、on Board演变成价格术语FOB价格术语：针对某项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的界限划分的专门用语（英文缩写）,4章 2003.11 revision,3,FOB在早期使用时，各国没有统一的定义和解释，容易导致纠纷。为了避免纠纷，国际组织用书面形式制定对价格术语的定义和解释。,价格条件 减少字数 价格术语 统一定义 国际贸易惯例,4章 2003.11 revision,4,国际贸易惯例,广义的国际贸易惯例：国际贸易的习惯做法狭义的国际贸易惯例：国际组织或商业团体用书面形式为国际贸易术语和习惯做法所制定的定义、解释和规则 国际贸易惯例的约束力：不是法律，对买卖双方不具备强制作用，
3、其约束力体现在：如果当事人明确采用某项惯例，该惯例就对当事人产生约束力 如果当事人明确排除某项惯例，该惯例就对当事人没有约束力如果当事人没有明确排除某项惯例，发生纠纷时，法院或仲裁机构可以引用该惯例判决或裁决,4章 2003.11 revision,5,关于价格术语的国际贸易惯例,1932年华沙牛津规则WarsawOxford Rules 1932：国际法协会为解释价格术语CIF而制定的规则1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941，由美国9个商业团体制定 价格术语释义国际通则INCOTERMS，由国际商会In
4、ternational Chamber of Commerce（ICC）所制定,4章 2003.11 revision,6,1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941定义的术语：,Ex (Point of Origin) 产地交货 Free on Board 船上交货 Free Along Side 船边交货 Cost and Freight 成本和运费 Cost, Insurance, and Freight 成本和运保费 Ex Dock 目的港码头交货,4章 2003.11 revision,7,INCOT
5、ERMS基本情况,标题解字： 由International Commercial Terms三字合成INCOTERMS标题译文的由来： INCOTERMS的早期版本有副标题：International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms，我国通常译为国际贸易术语解释通则，简称通则，译文价格术语释义国际通则仅供参考。什么是INCOTERMS？ INCOTERMS是国际商会制定的一套规则，该规则对国际贸易合同中最常用的术语进行定义，说明买卖双方责任、费用、风险的划分。版本： 最初版本是INCOTERMS 1936， 最新版本是INCOTERMS
6、2000， 我国近20年使用过的版本有INCOTERMS 1980和1990。,4章 2003.11 revision,8,INCOTERMS 2000 共有13种术语，分为E、F、C、D四组,4章 2003.11 revision,9,常用价格术语,货交装运港术语组货交承运人术语组,FOBCFRCIF,FCACPTCIP,以上分组，并不是INCOTERMS 2000的分组。这样“跳出” INCOTERMS 2000分组的分组，主要是因为每一组的三个术语具有共同的交货点和风险点。黎孝先在其1980年的国际贸易实务教材（无出版社出版，仅在内部使用）中，介绍的就是FOB，C&F, CIF。),4章
7、 2003.11 revision,10,Free on BoardFOB （named port of shipment，指定装运港 ）例：FOB Shanghai，China,简略定义： FOB是指，买方安排船只，支付装运港到目的港运费，卖方在指定装运港交货。货物越过船舷时，风险和费用从卖方转移到买方。FOB仅适用于船舶运输。,4章 2003.11 revision,11,FOB defined in INCOTERMS 2000,FREE ON BOARD means that the seller delivers when the goods pass over the ships
8、rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods forexport.This term can only be used for sea or inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend
9、 to deliver the goodsacross the ships rail, the FCA term should be used.,4章 2003.11 revision,12,FOB INCOTERMS 2000定义,FOB是指，在指定装运港货物越过船舷时，卖方就完成了交货义务。买方必须承担货物越过船舷之后的一切风险和费用。卖方负责办理货物的出口报关手续。 FOB仅适用于海洋运输或运河运输，如当事人不打算用越过船舷的方式交货，则应使用FCA。,4章 2003.11 revision,13,Division of obligation, cost, and risks under
10、 FOB in INCOTERMS 2000,A THE SELLERS OBLIGATIONSB THE BUYERS OBLIGATIONSA1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity which ma
11、y be required by the contract.B1 Payment of the price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.,4章 2003.11 revision,14,A2 Licences, authorisations, and formalities,The seller must obtain at his own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry
12、out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. B2 Licences, authorisations, and formalitiesThe buyer must obtain at his own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities for the impo
13、rt of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country.,4章 2003.11 revision,15,A3 Contract of carriage and insurance,a) Contract of carriage No obligation. b) Contract of insurance No obligation.B3 Contract of carriagea) Contract of carriageThe buyer must contract at his own exp
14、ense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment.b) Contract of insurance No obligation.,4章 2003.11 revision,16,A4 Delivery,The seller must deliver the goods on the date or within the agreed period at the named port of shipment and in the manner customary at the port on board the v
15、essel nominated by the buyer.B4 Taking deliveryThe buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4.,4章 2003.11 revision,17,A5 Transfer of risks,The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time
16、 as they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment B5 Transfer of risksThe buyer must bear all risks of losses of or damage to the goods *from the time they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment, and *from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for
17、delivery which arise because he fails to give notice in accordance with B7, or because the vessel nominated by him fail to arrive on time, or is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.,
