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1、If 表示非真实情况的条件从句主句现在情况:一般过去would/+V. 过去情况:过去完成would/ + have + V-edIf she were interested, I would telephone her. Were she interested, I would telephone her. （were, should, had 可提前至主语前面） If the car hadn t stopped, it would have hit me. Had the car not stopped, it would have hit me. 1） as if/as though
2、似乎，好像 +方式状语从句 现在动词的一般过去时 过去had + 过去分词 The reading-rooms shine brightly with electric lights as if/as though it were in daytime. He is talking aloud on and on as if he werethe boss. It feels as if it is/were made of cotton. They talked yesterday at the party as if they had been friends for years. 2)
3、由 wish 引导以 that（可省略）开头的 宾语从句中 /由 if only 引出的感叹句中 现在情况：动词的一般过去时 / could + 动词 过去情况：had + 过去分词 I wish (that)/ If only this were true. I wish/ If only I could speak several languages. I wish/ If only you had come to our meeting yesterday. 3）would rather, would sooner 引出的宾语 从句表示一种愿望。 现在情况：一般过去时 过去情况：had
4、+ 过去分词 The house is painted yellow. I d rather (that) they painted it white. I d rather he hadn t done that. 4) for fear that, in case, lest引出的目的状 语从句中表示实现目的的可能性小，主观 愿望强烈。从句中用 （should）+动词原形 Please remind me of it tomorrow lest I (should) forget. John had to have some teaching experience for fear tha
5、t he (should) have little chance of getting the job. 5) 用在 suggest, propose, command, order, request, insist, demand, decide， prefer, desire, intend, agree, recommend, direct, instruct, urge, advise 等动词的宾语从句 （由 that引导）中， 表示建议、 命令、要 求、意志等，虚拟语气的形式是（should） +动词原形 I suggested that he (should) get there
6、before noon. 6) 用在“It is necessary (important, strange , essential, desirable, advisable, a pity, a shame ) that(引导主语从句 ) ”和 “It is suggested (proposed, requested) that(引 导主语从句 ) ” 的主语从句中。在that引 导的主语从句中用虚拟语气，其形式是 （should）+动词原形It is necessary that he (should) come to the conference tomorrow. It is re
7、quested that this tax (should) be abolished. 7) 用在 suggestion, motion, proposal, order, instruction,plan,advice, demand,requirement 等名词的同位语和表语从句中。在that引 导的同位语和表语从句中用虚拟语气，其 形式是 （should）+动词原形Our demand is that the committee (should) reconsider its decision. Your advice that she (should) wait till next
8、 week is reasonable. 8) 在 It is (high) time that 中，用虚拟语 气，表示“有点晚”的意思，其形式为动 词用一般过去式或 should+动词原形 It is (high) time (that) she should go/went to bed. It is (high) time (that) we should find/found somewhere to eat. 9) 介词 without, but for + n., 主句中用虚 拟语气。 Without your help, I would not have finished the
9、 task on time. 10) 由单词 whether, even, though 引导的 让步状语从句中，动词使用虚拟语气。 Whether she like it or not, she will have to go. Unit 2 Grammar Unreal Conditions 1would write; would have written 2 could see; could have seen 3 might break; might have broken 4 gave; had given 5 were; had been 18. 1. a. IfI had hea
10、rd you, I would have answered. b. Had I heard you, I would have answered. 2. a. If it hadn t been cold, I would have opened the window. b. Had it not been cold, I would have opened the window. 3.a. If we had beenlate, we would have hurried. b. Had we been late, we would have hurried. 4. a. If you ha
11、d useda typewriter, they could have readyour letter. b. Had you used a typewriter, they could have read your letter. 5. a. If the car hadn t stopped, it would have hit me. b. Had the car not stopped , it would have hit me. 19. 1. Were she interested, I would telephone her. 2. Were John here, we woul
12、d soon learn the truth. 3. They would be here with us should they have the time. 4. Should I see you, I would invite you home. 5. Should she try harder next time, she would pass the examination. 20. 1. If we had not allowed the oil company to build this paper mill, we would not have water pollution
13、now. 2. If we did not pay taxes, our schools would be closed. 3. If the government had dealt with the crisis properly, inflation( 通 货 膨 胀 ) would not have stayed at high levels. 4. If this university had enough student housing, it would attract more international students. 5. If we had stopped the construction of this dam(水坝 ), we would not have destructed（破坏）miles of natural wilderness along the river.
