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1、中考阅读理解的解题方法和步骤,阅读是理解和吸收书面信息的重要手段。阅读能力是书面交际中通过文字积极获取信息的能力，主要包括理解程度和阅读速度两个方面。阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。中考阅读文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟4050个词，阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1,000单词左右。,阅读文章的体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、
2、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体。要求考生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快，对初中生来说是一种较高的能力要求，也是一种难度较大的测试方式。测试中，阅读理解题综合性比较强，它要求学生要有相当的知识面，既考查学生对文章的理解能力和概括能力，又测试学生对语言的运用能力，既考查表层理解能力，又考查深层理解能力。,一、题型分类与特点 现行的云南省中考英语“阅读理解”题包括两种形式，一种是阅读理解正误判断题、另一种是阅读理解选择题。阅读理解正误判断题的特点是在短文后给出若干个句子，要求考生根据短文的内容，判断所给的句子意思是否正确。这类试题总是联系短文内容进行发挥，或是给出意思相近或相
3、反的几个句子要求鉴别、判断，或是变换词语、变换句子结构来测试同一种意思的不同表达。 阅读理解选择题是在短文后给出若干个不完整的句子或若干个根据短文内容提出的问题，对每一题都提供四个侯选的答案，要求考生在正确理解短文内容的基础上，从四个选择项中选出一个正确的答案。这类试题的问题一般是紧扣短文内容编排的，既会涉及文章中的细节内容，如文中出现的人物、时间、地点、事件的前因后果等，也会涉及文章中某个词或某个句子的含义，以及涉及文章的主旨、大意和标题等。,二、对考生的能力要求（1）能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；（2）能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；（3）能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，
4、预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；（4）能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；（5）能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。,三、测试要点：考点1 理解文章的主旨大意；提问方式： What is the purpose of the text? What does the writer mainly tell us about the passage? What can we learn from the text? The best title of the passage is _. What is the main idea of the text? The text is mainly wr
5、itten to explain _.,考点二 细节理解 考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是： 1) Which of the following is right? 2) Which of the following is not mentioned? 3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage? 4) Choose the right order of this passage. 5) From this passage we know _.,考点三 猜测词义 猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定
6、某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是： 1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means _. 2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _. 3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means _. 4) Here “it” means _.,考点四 逻辑关系 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是： 1) Many visit
7、ors come to the writers city to _. 2) Some shops can be built Donfeng Square so that they may _. 3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _. 4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?,考点五 推理判断 此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生在理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是： 1) We can
8、 guess the writer of the letter may be a _. 2) We can infer from the text that _. 3) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know something about American social customs. 4) From the story we can guess _. 5) What would be happy if ? 6) It can be inferred from the text that _. 7) What can we
9、 infer from the first paragraph?,考点六 作者意图和态度通过上下文，判断作者的言外之意。其主要提问方式是： 1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station? 2) The writer writes this text to _. 3) The writer believes that _. 4) The writer suggests that _. 5) We can learn from the passage that the writer seems to _. 6) The writer wrote the
10、article to _,四、解题示例阅读理解：根据短文的内容判断下列句子正误，正确的用“T”，错误的用“F”。 December 25th is Christmas Day. In most countries it is the most important day in the year. All the people come back to their homes to have the day with their parents or their children. On Christmas Day bells ring everywhere. The ringing bells
11、 tell people Christmas is coming. People sing and dance day and night. They have a good time. Most families buy a Christmas tree for their children. And there are some presents hanging from the tree here and there. People also put presents in childrens stockings. In many places, Father Christmas him
12、self brings presents to them. He is a kind man and in red clothes. There is a big bag on his back. In it there are a lot of presents. Christmas is also a day when people enjoy all kinds of food. But some poor people have no homes and have on food to eat. They die of cold and hunger on Christmas Day.
13、,( )1. Christmas is a very important day in some countries in a year. ( )2. Many people have a good time on Christmas Day. ( )3. Father Christmas wears red clothes. ( )4. There are a lot of Christmas trees in Father Christmas bag. ( )5. Some poor people die on Christmas Day because they have no home
14、s and no food to eat.,F,F,T,T,T,做阅读理解正误判断试题时还要注意如下几点： （1）在对每一道题进行判断时，一定要从文章的具体段落和句子中找到依据，并进行认真比较分析、不能凭印象想当然，胡乱猜测。 （2）只有完全符合文章意思的句子，方可判定为正确。那些基本意思相符，却仍有某一点不符的应判定为错误。 （3）有些正误判断题要从西方语言文化及历史背景入手，因此多了解英美文化背景和习俗可以提高答题的正确率。 （4）判断每一句子正误时绝不可先看一道题目，就将短文搜索一遍寻找答案，这样反反复复不仅费时，而且由于缺乏对文章意思的全面了解，判断时往往有很大盲目性。 （5）阅读短文
15、时主要应捕捉内容要点，掌握主旨大意，理解作者意图，不要过分推敲语言点，否则难做出正确的判断。,示例2 Happiness is for everyone. You dont need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonel
16、y and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time. In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of y
17、our life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around you.,
