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1、,Tonight .we spend together ! 今晚我们一起度过。 Trust us ! We will let you learn something ! 相信我们，我们会让大家有所收获！,欢迎来到学习部！,嘿嘿嘿！,讲课者：,虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood,Today:,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的
2、条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,虚拟语气,例句 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) 2. If it were(were to be/should be) sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go now. 假如我是你的话，我现在就走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你
3、),虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,虚拟语气,二、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首，同时，主语放在其后！ If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.Should he fail in the experimentIf you had come a few minut
4、es earlier, you would have met him.,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,Had you come a few.,虚拟语气,三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟）即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。,虚拟
5、语气在复合句中的应用：,虚拟语气,1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist, urge), 命令(order, command)等。 2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。 3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1) 现在：用过去式2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,例
6、句 1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。 3. I wish (that) you would get a good job.我希望你能找到一个好职业。 4. He wished he hadnt done it.他想要是他没这样做该多好。 5. He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。,虚拟语气在：
7、在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 例句 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 He insisted that all of us should be there
8、 on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 He insisted that he was right.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,在would rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。 I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement
9、/ demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do. Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.,虚拟语气在 在表语从句中,虚拟语气,同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
10、,虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中,虚拟语气,在句型 “It is important (necessary, essential, vital, strange, natural) that ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 例句 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要
11、的是我们要照顾好病人。,虚拟语气在 在主语从句中,虚拟语气,在as if /though从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done). 一、as if 连接表语从句She looked as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days. 二、as if 连接方式状语从 句She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。 He speaks t
12、o us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。,虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中,虚拟语气,1. if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time! If only she didnt drive so fast.2. Its (high/right) time thatthat 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + doIts time that you left/should leave
13、here.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,虚拟语气,3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.But for my brothers help, I would not have finished it on time.I had to do sth.more important,otherwise I might have helped.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,虚拟语气,3. 在
14、for fear that, lest引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词一般用虚拟语气（should+ ）动词原形；in case 引导的句子既可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气，（should+ ）动词原形He reminded her twice of it lest she should forget.The game will be postponed in case it snows.The game will be postponed in case it (should) snow. （in case it snows比in case it should snow可能性大些。）,虚拟语气
15、中的几个特例,虚拟语气,1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用(should) do表示虚拟形式, 主要用于名词性从句中。2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。,简单的归纳,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A. would have missed B. had missedC. would miss D. missed 2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive tod
16、ay if he _ that drug. A.not take B.shouldnt have taken C.didnt take D.hadnt taken,Exercises,虚拟语气,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.)A. listened B. had listenedC. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A. sell B. soldC. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to the university.A. go B. wentC. has gone D. had gone,
