第三组,组长： 王文琴,主讲人： 程涛涛,课件制作人： 邓召美、蔡婷,教案制作人： 王文琴、向洁,语言学教程第四版 胡壮麟 主编 Chapter 9 Language and Literature9.3 The Language in Poetry,Chapter 9 Language and Literature,Teaching objectives: The learners will be better able to know some general features of poetry language, the language in sound ,stress and metrical patterning， analysis of poetry. Teaching Focus: general features of poetry language, the language in sound ,stress and metrical patterning analysis of poetry. Teaching Methods & Strategies: teacher presentation and class discussion,Teaching Procedures,1. Sound patterning 2. Stress and metrical patterning 3. Conventional forms of metre and sound 4. The poetic functions of sound and metre 5. To analyze poetry 6. Task,Contents:,9.3.1 Sound Patterning 9.3.2 Different Forms of Sound Patterning 9.3.3 Stress and Metrical Patterning 9.3.4 Conventional Forms of Metre and Sound 9.3.5 The Poetic Function of Sound and Metre 9.3.6 How to Analyze Poetry Exercises Homework,9.3.1 Sound Patterning1.Fair is foul and foul is fairHover through wind and murky air2.Hark! The herald angels singGlory to the newborn King!,,These are all examples of END RHYME,( i.e. rhyme at the end of lines.),9.3.2 Different Forms of Sound Patterning The following different kinds of sound patterning are identified by Christopher Marlowe in his The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.,Rhyme eg: me-be love-prove,Alliteration eg: blue-between lunch-largeThe initial consonants are identical in ALLITERATION.,Assonance eg: live-with-will come –loveASSONANCE describes syllables with a common vowel.,Consonance: Syllables ending with the same consonants are described as having CONSONANCE.eg: ill- wall,Reverse rhyme: REVERSE RHYME describes syllables sharing the vowel and initial consonant.eg: sun- Sunday lube-luau,Pararhyme: Where two syllables have the same initial and final consonants, but different vowels, they PARARHYME.eg: greet-great,Repetition eg: the sea, the sea.,9.3.3 Stress and Metrical Patterning,Stress: In English words of two syllables, one is usually uttered slightly louder , higher, and longer, or otherwise uttered slightly more forcefully than the other syllable in the same word, when the word is said in normal circumstances. This syllable is called the STRESSED syllable.,Metre: Poetry can exploit the way we use stress when we speak to create rhythms. When stress is organized to form regular rhythms, the term used for it is METRE.,Metrical Patterning:,Iamb : An IAMBIC foot contains two syllables, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one.eg: and palm to palm is holy palmer’s kiss,Trochee: A TROCHAIC foot contains two syllable. The stressed syllable comes first, followed by an unstressed one.eg: Willows whiten, aspens quiver,Pyrrhic: A PYRRHIC foot consists of two unstressed syllables.,Anapest: An ANAPESTIC foot consists of three syllables； two unstressed syllables are followed by a stressed one.eg: Without cause be he pleased, without cause be he cross,Dactyl: A stressed syllable is followed by two unstressed ones.eg: One for the master, and one for the dame,Spondee: A SPONDAIC foot consists of two stressed syllables; lines of poetry rarely consist only of spondees.eg: and a black-/ Back gull bent like an iron bar slowly.,Quatrains: Stanzas of four lines, quite common in English poetry.eg: When lovely woman stoops to folly, And finds too late that men betray,What charm can soothe her melancholy,What art can wash her guilt away?The only art her guilt to cover, To hide her shame from every eye,To give repentance to her lover,And wring his bosom---- is to die.,Blank verse: BLANK VERSE consists of lines in iambic pentametre which do not rhyme.eg： But do not let us quarrel any more,No my Lucrezia; bear with me for once:Sit down and all shall happen as you wish.You turn your face, but does it bring your heart?,Other verse forms: sonnet, free verse, limericks,9.3.4 Conventional Forms of Metre and Sound,Couplets : Couplets are two lines of verse, usually connected by a rhyme.eg: Her eyes are wild, her head is bare,The sun has burnt her coal-black hair,Her eyebrows have a rusty stain,And she came from far over the main.,9.3.5 The Poetic Functions of Sound and Metre,For aesthetic pleasure,To conform to a convention/style/poetical form,To express or innovate with a form,To demonstrate technical skill, and for intellectual pleasure,For emphasis or contrast,Onomatopoeia,,,,,,,9.3.6 How to Analyze Poetry?,Information about the poem: title, name, period, genre,The way the poem is structured: ---- Layout -----Number of lines ----- Length of lines -----Regular metre ------End rhyme -------Other forms of sound patterning: assonance, consonance, alliteration, pararhyme, reverse rhyme, half rhyme, and repetition.,Exercises,True or false；A spondaic foot consists of three stressed syllables and lines of poetry consists only of spondees. Syllables ending with the same vowels are described as having consonance. An anapestic foot consists of three syllables; two unstressed syllables are followed by a stressed one.,。