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1、美國四分制和十分制Fabric Inspection System. Fabric inspection and QC is one of the major areas in textile and garment sector. To establish a workable system for inspecting and evaluating piece goods shipments is vital. No single accepted system for measuring the quality of fabrics, but some of the more commo
2、nly used systems are described in this section. We recommend a minimum of 10% inspection of fabrics prior to spreading. Some are intending to inspect the goods while spreading. However this is unrealistic and the spreaders are not the QC. 1-Ten-Point System In 1955, the Ten-Point System for piece go
3、ods evaluation was approved and adopted by the Textile Distributors Institute and National Federation of Textiles. This system assigns penalty points to each defect, depending on its length. The Ten-Point System is somewhat complicated because points-per-length vary for warp and filling defects. Tab
4、le blow shows a breakdown of the points: Table 1 - Ten-Point System Warp Defects Penalty Filling Defects Penalty 10-36 inches 10 points Full width 10 points 5-10 inches 5 points 5 inches - 1/2 the width of goods 5 points 1-5 inches 3 points 1-5 inches 3 points Up to 1 inch 1 point Under the Ten-Poin
5、t System, a piece is graded a “first“ if the total penalty points do not exceed the total yardage of the piece. A piece is graded a “second“ if the total penalty points exceed the total yardage of the piece. 2- Four-Point System The Four-Point System has received the widest acceptance in both the te
6、xtile and needle trades because it is the most lenient. It is simple and easy to understand. Since it is the most widely used? 2.1- Amount to Inspect - Inspect at least 10% of the total rolls in the shipment. 2.2- Selection of Rolls Select at least one roll of each color. If more than one roll per c
7、olor must be inspected, then select the number of additional rolls in proportion to the total rolls per color received. 2-3 Defect Classification The Four-Point System classifies defects as shown in Table 2: Table 2 Four-Point System Size of Defect Penalty 3 inches or less 1 point Over 3, but not ov
8、er 6 inches 2 points Over 6, but not over 9 inches 3 points Over 9 inches 4 points A maximum of four points is charged to one linear yard. The length of the defect is used to determine the penalty point. Only major defects are considered. (A major defect is any defect that, if found in a finished ga
9、rment, would classify that garment as a second.) No penalty points are recorded or assigned for minor defects. Major defects are classified as follows: - Major woven fabric defects are slubs, hole, missing yarn, conspicuous yarn variation, end out, soiled yarn, wrong yarn. - Major knitted fabric def
10、ects are mixed yarn, yarn variation, runner, needle line, barre, slub, hole, and press off. - Major dye or printing defects are out of register, dye spots, machine stop, color out, color smear, or shading. - Suppliers using the Four-Point System should obtain examples of major defects and minor defe
11、cts, and make them available as visual aids for the Inspectors. 2.4- Acceptance Point - Count Most suppliers use 40 points per 100 yards as the acceptable defect rate. However, you should establish your acceptance point-count based on your product and its end use. 2.5- Acceptance Criteria - There ar
12、e two methods of determining whether a shipment is acceptable. You must decide which method will fit your product. The methods available are as follows: One method of acceptance uses a projection of total defects based on the number of defects found during inspection of a sample. Here is an example
13、using this method: Total yardage received: 2,400 yards Acceptance point-count: 40 per 100 yards Total yards inspected: 240 yards Total penalty points found in the sample inspection: 148 points 148 / 240 X 100 = 61.7 points per 100 yards. (Allowance is 40 points per 100 yards.) Action: Shipment would
14、 fail. A second method is acceptance of 10% bad rolls. Here is an example of the method: Total yardage received: 2,400 yards Acceptance point count: 40 per 100 yards Total yards inspected: 7 (10 % rolls) Number of rolls rejected: 2 2 / 7 = 29% rolls rejected. Action: As 29% of rolls inspected were r
15、ejected, the shipment would be held for a decision. - - You must decide whether to reject the entire shipment and return it to the piece goods source, or whether to 100% inspect the balance of the rolls. Management must make this decision; do not leave such decisions to the Inspector or Quality Cont
16、rol Supervisor. If you need production from the good rolls, it may be to your advantage to 100% inspect. 2.6- Inspection Procedure This procedure shows the steps necessary to ensure an effective piece goods quality control program: * Determine the amount to inspect, * Select the rolls to inspect, * Put the rolls on the in
