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1、考研英语,英 译 汉,李 纹,Section III Translation,Translate one passage or several passages into Chinese (about 150 words) 15 points,命题指导思想,英译汉试题命题的基本原则是避免内容不健康的、带有各种偏见的语言材料；试题无科学性错误；侧重运用能力的考查。英译汉部分的命题指导思想是适当降低英译汉文章的难度，以便要求考生在对文章深层次理解的同时，掌握并运用最基本的英译汉技巧。,评分标准,考研英语（二）英译汉的评分标准，一是“忠于原文”，二是“通顺”。所谓“忠于原文”，就是说译文要准确地表达
2、原文的内容和观点，不得随意增补，不能遗漏，不能加入自己的立场观点。当然，“忠于原文”并不是要逐字逐句机械地翻译。过分拘泥于原文反而经常造成译文的生涩难懂。“通顺”，则是指译文语言合乎汉语的规范和语言习惯，不要有语病、错别字，力求做到明白通畅。,翻译长句的原则,分成几个汉语短句 再根据逻辑次序，重新安排句子结构：顺译， 倒译， 分译,顺译法,长句的叙述层次与汉语相同时 可以按照英语原文的顺序，依次译出,While all three types are common, positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springborads for
3、 problem solving, while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious. 译：尽管这三种类型都很常见，积极型的幻想最有可能作为解决问题的跳板，而消极型和支离破碎型的白日梦可能会使人感到焦虑不安。,There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid fut
4、ure behind him, and maybe that is where the rub is. 译：青年人与老年人之间只有一个差别, 那就是青年人是鹏程万里, 而老年人的美好未来已经过去。问题的症结也许就在这里。,倒译法(变序译法),叙述层次与汉语相反主句后面带有很长的状语从句(原因、条件、让步)主句后面有很长的定语或定语从句,That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. 译：这
5、种理论的核心是：我们的环境同我们的才能、特征及行为即使有什么联系的话，也是微不足道的。,It was our view that the United States could be effective in both the tasks assigned by the president, i.e. , of ending hostilities, and making a contribution to a permanent peace in the Middle East if we conducted ourselves so that we could remain in perm
6、anent contact with all these elements in the equation. 译：如果我们采取行动以便能继续与中东冲突各方永远保持接触，美国就能担当总统布置的两项任务，即结束中东敌对行动，并对该地区的永久和平作出贡献。这就是我们的观点。,分译法-重要思想！,将原文的某一短语或从句先行单独译出将原文中不好处理的成分拆开，译成相应的句子或独立句子,Dont forget that critics often make mistakes, the history of criticism is full of the blunders the most eminent
7、 of them have made, and you who read are the final judge of the value to you of the book you are reading. 译：别忘了评论家也是常常犯错误的, 最有名望的评论家所犯的错误是历史上屡见不鲜的。而你现在读的书对你有何价值,也只有你, 读这本书的人, 才是最后的裁判。,Flying is the oldest dream of man, perhaps reaching back to the days when Cavemen looked longingly upward at the bir
8、ds flying overhead as they wearily pursued the animals on the earth below. 译：飞行是人类最古老的梦想，也许要追溯到穴居人时代。那时侯，当他们在地面上追捕动物弄得筋疲力尽时，仰头看着在头顶上飞翔的鸟儿时，无限向往。,综合法,当英语长难句顺译、逆译或分译，都感到不便或有困难时，可对句子进行综合处理，即采用综合法。,When Hetty read Arthurs letter she gave way to despair. Then, by one of those conclusive, motiveless actio
9、ns by which the wretched leap from temporary sorrow to life long misery, she determined to marry Adam. 译：海蒂读完阿瑟的信后陷入绝望之中。后来，她采取了一个不幸者常常采取的那种快刀斩乱麻的举动：嫁给了亚当，从而陷入了终身的痛苦，为的不过是跳出那一时的悲伤。,The types of daydreams, whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair, take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles: positive, negative and scattered, American Health reports. 译：美国健康杂志报道说：人们的白日梦类型，不管是令人愉快的、充满希望的，还是令人绝望的，在童年时代就已形成。那时侯每个人就形成了三种基本白日梦类型中的一种，即：积极型的、消极型的或支离破碎型的。,如何攻克难句、长句？,难句长句训练：必须以反复的、针对难句的训练为前提：,永远记住：,功夫在考场之外把考场上考察你的难点和需要你花大量时间思考的东西兑换成考场下你的时间和努力！,
