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1、高考英语专题复习,阅读理解,一.考纲要求：1. 理解主旨和要义2. 理解文中具体信息3.根据上下文推断生词的词义4. 做出简单判断和推理5. 理解文章的基本结构6. 理解作者的意图观点和态度,二.命题规律：五年高考全国卷阅读理解各种题型题量统计,1.先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉胳，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。 2.细读全文，认真推敲：针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些关键信息词，它们既是测试的重点，又是把握全文意思的突破口，因此，必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答
2、案。 3.复读全文，验证答案：在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。,阅读理解的答题步骤及注意事项,阅读的方法可以使用以下几种：,1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。,主要考查学生 对阅读
3、材料中的 某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力,问题主要包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考具体细节。,事实细节题,1、直接事实题：2、间接事实题：,先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读的手法找出出处。,需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。,细节理解题类型：,Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They
4、spent their childrenhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for example, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, shop-keeper and post officer in his early years.A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the
5、 army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same school-West Point Military Academy(西点军校),1,Q: President Eisenhower became well-known .
6、A. while studying in West Point Military AcademyB. during the American Civil WarC. after he was elected President of the U.S.D. during World War II.,Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.,Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian， host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”， Miss Luo Lin， Miss As
7、ia of 1991， appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition， she had been
8、an air hostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.,2,However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage， dancing， singing，making-up and other proper manners， designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyh
9、ow， I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time， in Shanghai， Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，“ said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.,Q： Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
10、 B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,Miss Asia of 1991, Born in Shanghai , designed by the Asia TV Station,命题趋势：从近几年的试题来看，对细节题的考查将呈现增多的趋势，而且题目将由简单的寻找信息向多层次细节推理综合。,突破方法：1. 在平时的备考训练中，应学会快速辨
11、认和记忆事 实或细节，可用查读法，即带着问题寻找答案。 2. 运用查读法注意： 首先阅读材料，将注意力集中在与who,what,when,where问题有关的细节或数字方面。对一些细节，可一边阅读一边概括归纳，尽力记住这些主要细节，并留心它们所在的位置。 3.备考中，每天至少阅读3-5篇文章，每篇7分钟。另外，要注意文章中的长难句，对于不熟悉的短语要求掌握，建立词汇库。,1. 由According to . 引出题干这类题型常由According to the passage 或是According to the. paragraph等引出题干的关键词，考生可通过原文的对应表达部分确认答案。,
12、命题方式,Important Points to Remember When Swimming Wait at least an hour after meals. Follow the advice of lifeguards. Dont dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the shore. Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim. Dont use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep
13、 them out to sea. Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers. 62. According to the above information,what is the right thing to do when you swim?A. To keep close to the beach.B. To dive into unknown waters.C. To use floating toys on the water.D. To swim soon a
14、fter lunch.,2. 举例说明原文中出现的例子在试题中一般都会有所涉及，题目可能考察例子中的细节也可能考察例子的作用或是目的。要确认例子的作用，关键是弄清例子在原文中的位置。一般来说，例子之前或之后会有一句说明性或总结性的话交代其作用。需要注意的是文中所列举的事例既可能跟全文主旨相关，也可能只与某一段的论点相关。,To be sure,people are different. Youcan not expect to do everything as well as certain other people do. If all the students in a class tri
15、ed out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between. But even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading. Some seem to enjoy reading and
16、 to read well without any special help. Others find reading a slow and tiring job. In between, here are all degrees of reading ability. 46. With the example of basketball players, the author shows_. A. why certain people are poor readers. B. that there are differences in peoples abilities C. why some people are good basketball players D. that good basketball players can be good readers.,3. 筛选出正确答案这类题目要求从选项中找出在某方面与其他三个选项的不同处。细节理解题中的这一题目一般较为简单，通常四个选项都在文中提到过，考生只需将选项与原文一一对应即可。如：三正一误(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或三误一正(三项错误，只有一项符合原文容)：当然，有时候选项中未必会用到文中的原话，而是改变为另一种表达方式，应该灵活理解。,
