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1、1,溶胶凝胶化学与工程引论,主讲：夏长荣，电话3607475，材料楼223室， Email: 辅导：谢贞，,2,3,Transparent conducting ATO, ITO and AZO coatings by sol-gel process,Sheet resistance vs. sintering temperature of dip-coated SnO2:Sb (ATO, 10 layers), In2O3 (ITO, 2 layers) and ZnO:Al (AZO, 10 layers) on silica glass,4,Development of Large A
2、rea Electrochromic Display Devices,Electrochromic display device (ECD), 500 x 500 mm,5,Corrosion Protective Coatings for Al, Mg, Cu, Fe,Transparent, corrosion inhibitant coatings on aluminum after salt-spray-test (left: uncoated; right: coated and cross-cutted),6,Tarnish and wear protection for stai
3、nless steel,A partial coated stainless steel sheet (AISI 304) shows no change on the coated side (top of the picture) after thermal treatment of 500 C followed by taber-test while the uncoated side (bottom of the picture) shows strong wear and tarnish damages,7,Strengthening of thin glass by Sol-Gel
4、-Coatings,3 point bending test (as per EN 843-1) on a thin (0.5 mm) glass sheet coated with a sol-gel system,8,Scratch Resistant Transparent UV-protective Coatings,UV/VIS-absorption spectrum of a transparent component with and without the UV protecting coating,9,Sol-Gel Coatings for Improved High Te
5、mperature Stability of Glass Fabrics,Elongation of sol-gel coated, uncoated and commercially treated glass fiber fabric under both thermal and mechanical load,10,Bulk Nanomers for optical applications,Shaped articles made with new composite material,11,Micropatterns in Nanomer or glasslike sol-gel f
6、ilms,12,Fabrication of SiO2-based single lenses and arrays of microlenses by ink-jet-printing and pad printing,Profilometer plot of a 3 x 3 array of microlenses produced by pad printing of a sol based on MPTS printed on a glass substrate,13,Ceramic UF Membranes,14,Examples of colloid colored bulbs o
7、f halide lamps,15,溶胶凝胶的典型例子,豆浆，sol,豆腐, gel,16,溶胶凝胶（物理过程）,Al(NO3)3 +H2O,17,溶胶凝胶（化学过程）,Al(OR)3,18,Simplified chart of sol-gel processes,19,Sol-gel process,Solution, 溶液,Sol，胶体,Gelation，溶胶凝胶转变,Gel，凝胶,Products, 产物,20,Sols,A sol is a stable suspension of colloidal solid particles within a liquid.,For a so
8、l to exist, the solid particles, denser than the surrounding liquid, must be small enough for the forces responsible of dispersion to be greater than those of gravity. Moreover, these particles must include a number of atoms macroscopically significant. In fact, if the particles were too small, then
9、 it would be more accurate to speak of molecules in solution.,21,Size range for sols,Sol (2nm0.2m),22,Type of sols,Subdivided parts of bulk mater (small particles of -alumina) Real macromolecules that are big enough to be colloidal (proteins) Small particles that can be considered both macromolecule
10、s and as tiny parts of macroscopic matter (lacquer particles),23,Types of colloids,24,Gels,A gel is an porous 3-dimensionally interconnected solid network that expands in a stable fashion throughout a liquid medium and is only limited by the size of the container,Colloidal gel Polymeric gel Aquagel
11、(aqueous) Alcogel (alcohol) Xerogel, aerogel, dry gel(no liquid phase),25,Gelation,A gel forms when the homogenous dispersion present in the initial sol rigidifies. This process, called gelation, prevents the development of inhomogeneities within the material. A sol, or a solution, can be transforme
12、d into a colloidal (or polymeric) gel by going through what is called a gel-point. Practically, it is at this point that the sol abruptly changes from a viscous liquid state to a solid phase called the gel.,26,Sol-gel process,A sol-gel process is a colloidal route used to synthesize ceramics with an
13、 intermediate stage including a sol and/or a gel state. Dislich; sol-gel procedure only takes into account multicomponent oxides that are homogeneous at the atomic level (polymeric sol-gel process) Segal; sol-gel process concerns the production of inorganic oxides, either from colloidal dispersion o
14、r from metal alkoxides (polymeric or colloidal process not including nitrides, sulfides, or organic-inorganic materials),27,胶体化学历史,陶瓷制造，有史以前 纤维造纸，汉朝 墨水，后汉 豆腐、面食和中药制剂等都与胶体化学有关 古埃及利用木材浸水膨胀来破裂山岩 1777年瑞典Scheele的木炭吸附气体实验,28,胶体化学历史II,1809俄国化学家PeHcc，土粒电泳现象; 1829 英国植物学家Brown，花粉的布朗运动; 1845 法国人Ebelmen，Silica
15、gels, (Manufacture de Ceramiques de Sevres); 1853 Farady, 实验室Gold sol, oldest sol, still stable now days; 1861 Thomas Graham, 胶体化学作为一门学说; colloid胶体, sol溶胶, gel凝胶, peptization胶溶, dialysis渗析, syneresis离浆 1870 Cossa, alumina sol 1902 Zsigmondy胶体化学 1903 Zsigmondy发明超显微镜，体系多相性,29,溶胶凝胶技术发展史,1800中期，Ebelman及
16、Graham第一个报道了从硅酸乙酯(Si(OC2H5)4)在酸性条件下水解形成类似玻璃态的SiO2材料，同时对无机陶瓷和玻璃材料的Sol-gel工艺产生兴趣，该法当时虽然可以制备纤维、块状棱镜或复合玻璃，但是干燥时间极长（一年甚至大于一年），无工艺上的用途而没有受到重视。 1939年，用溶胶凝胶工艺制备SiO2镜面涂层的专利申请。 5060年代，R.Roy的工作使sol-gel工艺获得复活，他们认识到Sol-gel工艺高水平均匀粉料的潜力，并合成了大量新型陶瓷氧化物粉体，包括Al, Si, Ti, Zr等的氧化物。这些粉体是传统方法所不能得到的 。,30,溶胶凝胶技术发展史II,7080年代，单分散性胶态氧化物粉体的生长，包括TiO2, -Fe2OP3, Fe3O4, BaTiO3, CeO2等 氢氧化物， AlOOH, FeOOH, Cr(OH)3 碳酸盐， Cd(OH)CO3, Ce2O(CO3)2 硫化物， CdS, ZnS 金属， Fe, Ni, Co等醇盐水解法制备各种纳米氧化物粉体，如TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, SrTiO3以及他们的掺杂物应用溶胶凝胶法成功制备了各种各样的玻璃和陶瓷纤维、涂层、薄膜， 尤其重要的是ITO导电玻璃。,
