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1、The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,英语句子概论,noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun /The + adj V-ing / Clause /
2、Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc.,noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc.,主语 不及物动词She came/ My head aches. 主语 及物动词 宾语She likes English. 主语 系动词 主语补语(表语）She is happy 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语
3、She gave John a bookShe bought a book for him. 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There is a book on the desk.,简单句基本句型实例,简单句的基本词序,主语 动词部分 宾语 状语 （谓语） 方式 地点 时间 I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. We ate our meal in silence. The ca
4、r stopped suddenly.,句子成分是指构成句子的 各个组成部分，即词和词组在句 子中的各种语法意义。句子成分 主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、 定语、状语。另外，一些句子还 有一些其他的成分，如同位语、 呼语、插入语等。,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语,noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Cl
5、ause Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun /The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc.,noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc.,句 子 成 分,(一)主语,主语是指句子谈论的主题，也 就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态 的主体。
6、,主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词；4. 动名词；5. 不定式；6. 词组或复合结构；7. 从句；8. 名词化的其他词类,句 子 成 分,Who is speaking, please? To act like that is children. Two will be enough. Beijing is a beautiful city. Dancing is fun. What he said was wrong.,名,代,数,不定式,动名词,从句,句 子 成 分,（二）谓语,谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所 处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来 充当。并且和主语在
7、人称和数上保持一致。谓语有广义与狭义之分，广义的谓语指主语以外包括动词在内的部分，狭义的谓语仅仅指动词，这里我们讨论的是广义上的谓语。,句 子 成 分,1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词 短语来充当She got here at six.,2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的The girl felt cold.He is a teacher.,句 子 成 分,(一)主语,主语是指句子谈论的主题，也 就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态 的主体。,主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词；4. 动名词；5. 不定式；6. 词组或复合结构；7. 从句；8. 名词化的其他词类,句
8、子 成 分,Who is speaking, please? To act like that is children. Two will be enough. Beijing is a beautiful city. Dancing is fun.,名,代,数,不定式,动名词,句 子 成 分,（二）谓语,谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所 处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来 充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。,Subject-Verb Agreement,Can you match the right pictures?,1,2,3,4,A,B,C,D,Subject-Verb Agreemen
9、t,主谓一致原则,Subject-Verb Agreement,主谓一致是指句子的_与_在_和_上必须保持一致主谓一致的三个原则:1. 语法一致2. 意义一致3. 就近原则,谓语动词,主语,人称,数,一、语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。 二、意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。 三、就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词,A young man and a girl want to
10、go there.The singer and the writer are famous to many young people.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,are,语法一致,由and连接的两个单数名词做主语时，谓动一般用复数。,a singer and dancer,The singer and dancer _ on the stage.,is,语法一致,The gift is used to have western meals. What is it?,a knife and fork,A knife and fork is used to have
11、meals.,语法一致,Marys,Mary _ a dog.,has,Toms,Mary and Tom _ a dog.,have,谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数一致。,语法一致,主谓一致,语法一致,） 由 and 连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数这时后面的名词没有冠词。,are,has,语法一致,none 做主语时, 谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数, 因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:,内容一致/意义一致,主谓一致,2) 用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如: bread and butter
12、, knife and fork 等作主语时(由两个部件配成的物品), 谓语动词用单数. 如:,Each man and woman _ the same rights.A. has B. have C. had D. is having ）由each, every, no, many a(许多)所修饰的名词，即使用 and连接作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。,Many a man _the story.,has,believes,The group _ made up of nine students.,The group_ dancing happily.,is,are,The team _
13、some good players. (have) The team _ handsome. (be),has,are,Group discussion: Can you find out the grammar rules?,Collective nouns can have a singular or plural verb. If the noun refers to a whole unit, the verb is singular. If it refers to the different members of a unit, the verb is plural.,group,
14、 family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, company, audience, club, party, police, army, band, minority (少数)and so on.,Collective nouns（集体名词）,由集体名词，如group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, company, audience, club, party, crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体(强调整体），谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员
15、，（强调个体）则用复数形式. 注意：集体名词为 people, police, cattle，谓语动词用复数形式 e.g. The police are searching for the thief.,1、集体名词做主语时的主谓一致,Choose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.,1.The research group (is, are) made up of five people.,2.What (do, does) the group want for their lunch?,3.Our family (is, are) not poor any more.,4.He has to worry. His family (is, are) waiting for him.,
