Affix,在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀，就可以构成一个新词 根据词缀的位置，分为前缀（ prefix ）和后缀（suffix ）两种 前缀一般改变词的意思，而后缀一般改变词性Grammar,hope power care use fruit,hopeful powerful careful useful fruitful,1. –ful 表示“充满.的，具有.性质的”，构成形容词,后缀：,hopeless powerless useless careless fruitless,后缀：,2. –less 与-ful 相反，表示“少的，不足的”，构成形容词,hope power use care fruit,3. –able表示“可…的，能…的，具有…性质的”，构成形容词comfortable, knowledgeableeatable, movablecountable, acceptablerenewable energy,后缀：,(1) -ment development movement advertisement investment achievement,1.动词变名词：,,,,,,(2) -ation educate imagine realize explain,education imagination realization explanation,后缀：,(3) -al arrive remove refuse approve,arrival removal refusal approval,后缀：,注意：-al还可表示adj.后缀，如：national, formal, regional, global,(4) 表示人 -er 动作的发起者employer trainerinterviewer -or visitor, sailor, actor / actress,后缀：,-ee 动作承受者employeetraineeinterviewee ist artist, scientist, socialist,(1) -ness happiness, sadness, weakness, carelessness (2) -ity （以-ible, -able结尾的形容词） ability, possibility formality, reliability (4) -ism （主义，学说，信仰） Marxism, socialism, optimism,2.形容词变名词：,,,,3.名词变形容词：,ic / ical -y -ous -ive -ish,historic, classic, economic,foolish, selfish,dangerous, humorous,active, attractive,windy, rainy, dirty,(1) -en 使……成为… encourage ensure enrich our life quicken, shorten, deepen broaden/widen one’s horizon,后缀：,4. 名词、形容词变动词：,(2) -ify beauty, beautify simple, simplify (3) -ize real, realize, realization modern, modernize, modernization,后缀：,adj.修饰n. 而 adv. 修饰v. 和adj.以及整个句子 系动词+ adj. 或n.,1. You should send me the report on the program (immediate) _________. 2. Miss Li was (luck) _____enough to get the opportunity to work in that world—famous company. 3. My impression is that the sales of this company have (great) ________ increased this year. 4. The small village has become (wide) _____known in recent years for its silk exports.,immediately,lucky,greatly,widely,5. This medicine is highly (effect) _______ in treating skin cancer if it is applied early enough. 6. She managed to settle the argument in a (friend) _________way. 7. Although the small town has been changing slowly, it looks quite (difference) _________from what it was. 8. The fast(develop) ____________of the local economy has caused serious water pollution in this region.,effective,friendly,different,develpoment,。