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1、,CET4-Translation,Translation,一.题型特征,1. 汉译英。 2. 内容单纯。 3. 补全句子。,二. 基本原则和评分标准,最基本的原则 准确和通顺,（1）整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。 （2）结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。 （3）整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。 （4）整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 （5）大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,三. 评分标准,四、应试方法,翻译中的常见问题对材料理解不当，造成译文与原意偏差过大。 表达能力欠缺，译文不够通顺、流畅。,应对办法 1. 重视语言基本功训练。 2. 对英语基本句型了
2、解，熟悉各种方法和技巧。,通读题目，准确理解； 分析成分，划分意群； 选择词义，贴切表达； 通读全句，检验加工。,1. 核实译文与原文内容是否一致；2. 检查译文是否符合英语表达习惯；3. 检查译文是否有错译或漏译；4. 检查标点符号；5. 对译文进一步加工润色。,答题步骤,检验加工过程,五. 核心考核语法,虚拟语气 从句 倒装 非谓语动词 强调句 形容词的比较级和最高级 动词的时态和语态,虚拟语气的考点大体可以归纳如下： 1. (should)+动词原形的情形2. if或but for等引导的条件句3. wish, if only, it is time的用法,一、虚拟语气,1. (shou
3、ld)+动词原形的情形,1.1在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。He advised that the
4、doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。,1.2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。,1.3在形容词important, necessary, i
5、mperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。,2. if引导虚拟条件句的用法,He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors. 他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了（与
6、现在事实相反） The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. (2006. 12 ) might have survived （与过去事实相反） If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home. 如果明天下雪，我就呆在家里。 （与将来事实相反） but for=if it were not for/if it had not been for But for your help they would no
7、t have fulfilled the task in time. 如果没有你的帮助，他们不可能按时完成任务。,3. It is (high, about) time ,此句型要求用虚拟语气 谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了” Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. something was done/some measures were taken,4. 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反 were或动词的一般过去 与过去事实相反 had done或would/could
8、have done 将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 would/should(could, might)+动词原形 I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。 I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。,5. if only后用虚拟语气（要是就太好了）,现在没有实现的愿望 一般过去式 过去没有实现的愿望 过去完成式 If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。
9、 If only I could speak several foreign languages! 我要是能讲几种外语就好了！,1.状语从句（adverbial clauses）： 1）目的状语 (adverbial clauses of purpose)：为了挣钱供我读书, Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.（CET 4. 2006. 6） In order to make money to support my schooling,二、从 句,2) 让步状语 (adverbial clauses of concessi
10、on)： 91. Though a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.（CET 4 . 2006. 6）he was fired by the company 3) 时间状语 (adverbial clauses of time)： 90. Some psychologists claim that people （出门在外时可能会感到孤独）(2006. 12 )may feel lonely when theyre away from home.,4) 条件状语 (adverbial clau
11、ses of condition)： 91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning (如果你方便的话) (2007. 6.) if its convenient for you. 5) 比较状语 (结构) (adverbial clauses of comparison or comparative constructions )： 88. Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) （2006. 12） to me, nothing is more interesting than r
12、eading. 90. The more you explain, (我愈糊涂)（2006. 6）the more confused I am,2. 定语从句 (attributive clauses)： 【CET-4：2007.6】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域). 参考答案：a field where (in which) we can cooperate. 3.宾语从句-从句作宾语。 【CET-4：2007.12】Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of li
13、fe _(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 参考答案：is measured by how much they can loan,4.表语从句-从句作表语 【CET-4：2007.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了)。 参考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before,1当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。 Only when you have obtained
14、 sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion. 只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论 其他如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。 【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_. (他才感到安全和放松) 参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed,三、倒 装,2. never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。 这类词或词组常用的有：never, seldom
15、, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither (nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account(绝不）, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere（任何地方都不）, not onlybut also等。 Never in all
16、 my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说！真题重现 【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎) 参考答案：should he lie to the court. 【CET-6：2007.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 参考答案 Not until the deadline did he send (out),3the more, the more结构中的倒装。 【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). 参考答案：the more confused I am,
