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1、The Analects of Confucius 论语是儒家的经典著作之一，它是对孔子及其弟子的言行和对话的记录。众所周知，孔子是一位伟大的思想家和哲学家，他的思想被发展成了儒家哲学体系。论语是儒家思想的代表作，数个世纪以来，论语一直极大地影响着中国人的哲学观和道德观，它也影响着其他亚洲国家人民的哲学观和道德观。The Analects of Confucius is one of the Confucius classics and is a record of the words and acts of Confucius and his disciples, as well as th
2、e conversations they held. It is well-known that Confucius is a great ideologist and philosopher, and his thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius is a representative work of Confucianism. For centuries, it has been heavily influencing
3、 the philosophy and moral outlook of Chinese people and that of the people of other Asian countries as well. Confucius 孔子是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家、儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千， 贤弟子 72 人， 孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14 年。 在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、 气质（temperament) 产生影响最大的就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优
4、点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and the founder of Confucian School in ancient China. It is said that he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom are excellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visit various states for 14 years.During 5,000 years history of Chi
5、na, it s Confucius who has exerted the greatest impact on Chinese nations characteristic and temperament.He is upright, optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, and seeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have b
6、een influencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years. Confucianism 儒家思想是中国影响最大的思想流派，也是中国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来， 儒家思想就是封建统治阶级(feudal ruling class)的指导思想之一。 儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义(humanism) 。它提倡自我修养，认为人是可以教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现 “ 大同社会 ” ，在这样一个社会中，每个人都能扮演好自己的角色，并与他人维持良好的关系
7、。Confucianism is the largest Chinese school of thoughts, and is the mainstream consciousness of the ancient China. Confucianism has been one of the ruling doctrines of the feudal ruling class since the Han Dynasty. The core of Confucianism is actually a kind of humanism. It advocates self-cultivatio
8、n, and believes that human beings are teachable and improvable. A grand goal of Confucianism is to achieve a harmonious society in which each individual plays his or her part well, and maintains a good relationship with others. Confucius Institute 孔子学院是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。推广汉语、 传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。 孔子学院
9、最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标准是教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于2004 年在韩国首尔成立，目前已遍布106个国家。孔子学院有力地推动了中国文化与各国文化的交流和融合。Confucius Institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world. Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture. The most import
10、ant task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a formal channel to learn Chinese for learners all over the world. The first Confucius Institute opened in 2004 in Seoul, South Korea. At present, it has been established in 106 countries. Confucius Institute has greatly promoted t
11、he exchange and integration of cultures between China and the rest of the world. Chinese Characters 汉字源于远古时期对自然景物的简单描摹，如树木、河水、山川、人物等。这 些描摹实际上就是象形文字(pictograms)的萌芽。 甲骨文是刻在龟壳和兽骨上的古 老文字，是汉字最早的形式。 汉字结构 “ 外圆内方 ” ， 源于古人 “ 天圆地方 ” 的观念。 汉字的创造和应用对中华文明的发展起了重要作用。汉字对世界文明的发展也产 生了深远的影响。例如，日本、朝鲜等国家的文字都是在汉字的基础上创造的。
12、Chinese characters began in ancient times as simple drawings of natural objects trees, rivers, mountains and hills, human beings, etc. These drawings are actually the buds of “pictograms ”.Oracles, the ancient characters carved on tortoise shells and beast bones, are the earliest form of Chinese cha
13、racters. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The creation and use of the Chinese characters have played a significant role not only in the development of Chinese civilization, but in t
14、he development of the world civilization. For example, the characters of some countries, like Japan and Korea, were created on the basis of the Chinese characters. Chinese Calligraphy 中国书法是一门古老的汉字书写艺术，它是中国最高的艺术形式。 书法是在 洁白的纸上， 靠毛笔的运动留下水墨印迹。它不仅表现了线条和结构的美，也能 传达书写者的观念、 思维和精神。 汉字与中国书法紧密相连， 是中国书法中的重 要因素。中
15、国书法已经成为一个民族符号，代表了博大精深的中国文化和汉族文 化的永恒魅力。 Chinese calligraphy, an ancient art of writing Chinese characters, is one of the highest forms of art. Calligraphy refers to the black mark of ink on white paper made by the movement of brush. It not only shows the beauty of line and structure, but conveys conc
16、epts, thoughts and spirit of its writer. As one essential element in calligraphy, Chinese character is closely related to the art.It has become a symbol of our nation, which represents the eternal charm of the broad and profound Chinese and Han Nationality culture. Chinese Painting 国画指中国传统绘画，历史悠久，远在 2000多年前的战国时期 (Warring States Period)就出现了画在丝织品上的绘画。国画的工具和材料有毛笔、墨、纸和丝绸 等。国画从题材上主要分为三类：人物、山水、花鸟。国画起源于中国书法 (calligraphy),在本质上是一种线性艺术，试图采用绘画唤起意象和感情。国画在 内容和艺术创作上，体现了古
