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1、Ode to a Nightingale- John Keats,Questions,Does this poem express only the speakers rapture when he listens to the wonderful songs of the nighingale? What is Keatss view of reality and fantasy as is revealed in the poem? What is his aesthetic aim of the poetry?,Background,Of Keatss six major odes of
2、 1819, “Ode to Psyche“ was probably written first and “To Autumn“ written last. Sometime between these two, he wrote “Ode to a Nightingale“.The exact date of it is unknown as Keats dated as “ May 1819”. It is based on weather conditions and similarities between images in the poem and those in a lett
3、er sent to Fanny Brawne on May Day.,Background,Keats finished the Ode in just one morning, in Brawnes description reads:“In the spring of 1819 a nightingale had built her nest near my house. Keats felt a tranquil and continual joy in her song; and one morning he took his chair from the breakfast-tab
4、le to the grass-plot under a plum-tree, where he sat for two or three hours. When he came into the house, I perceived he had some scraps of paper in his hand, and these he was quietly thrusting behind the books. On inquiry, I found those scraps, four or five in number, contained his poetic feelings
5、on the song of the nightingale.“,Dominant thoughts in Keats Odes,1, nature is beautiful 2, the realms of art and poetry are wonderful 3, the human society contains inescapable misery,Dominant thoughts in Keats Odes,The artistic aim in his poetry was always to create a beautiful world of imagination
6、as opposed to the sordid reality of his day. He sought to express beauty in all of his poems. His poetry is distinguished by sensuousness and the perfection of form. Keats has always been known as a sensuous poet. His ability to appeal to the senses through language is virtually unrivaled.,Stanza I,
7、My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock1 I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate2 to the drains3 One minute past4, and Lethe5-wards had sunk: Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness - That thou, light winged Dryad6 of the tree
8、s, In some melodious plot7 Of beechen8 green, and shadows numberless9, Singest of summer in full-throated ease10,1，poison 2，opium 3，quaff,bottom up 4，ago 5，a river in Hades whose waters cause drinkers to forget their past 6，wood nymph,refers to nightingale 7，where nightingale sings 8，beech：山毛榉树 9，nu
9、mberless shadows： 10，sing freely,Intertwine of the two images,The poet falls into a reverie while listening to an actual nightingale sing. He feels joy and pain, an ambivalent response. Pleasure can be so intense that paradoxically it either numbs him or causes pain.,rapture of the nightingale,forlo
10、rn of the reality,Stanza II,O, for a draught of vintage11! that hath been Coold a long age in the deep-delved12 earth, Tasting of Flora13 and the country green, Dance, and Provencal song14, and sunburnt mirth15! O for a beaker full of the warm South16 Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene17, Wit
11、h beaded bubbles18 winking at the brim, And purple-stained mouth, That I might drink, and leave the world unseen, And with thee fade19 away into the forest dim20.,11, wish for wine 12, dig deep 13, flower goddess,fragrance 14, love song 15, collocative clash:the mirth of the sunburnt people 16, meto
12、nymy: the wine in South 17, a fountain on Mount Helicon sacred to the Muses and believed to be a source of poetic inspiration, refers to wine 18, aliteration: bead-like bubbles 19, to disappear gradually 20, rhyme, dim forest,Wanting to escape from the pain of a joy-pain reality, the poet begins to
13、move into a world of imagination or fantasy. He longs for wine. The description of drinking and of the world associated with wine is idealized, with the images associating the wine with summer, country pleasure and romantic provence.,Stanza III,Fade far away, dissolve21, and quite forget What thou a
14、mongst the leaves hast never known, The weariness, the fever, and the fret Here, where men sit and hear each other groan22; Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last grey hairs. Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin23,and dies; Where nut to think is to be full of sorrow And leaden-eyed24 despairs; Wher
15、e Beauty cannot keep her lustrous25 eyes, Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow26.,21、disappear 22、moan due to pain 23、skinny as a ghost 24、not lively,dull eyes 25、 radiant 26、hyperbole: them refers to “her lustrous eyes”, the new love cannot be forever.,The poet uses the word “fade” in the last
16、 line of stanza II and in the first line of this stanza to tie the stanzas together and to move easily into his next thought. His awareness of the real world pulls him back from the imagined world of drink-joy.,Stanza IV,Away! away! for I will fly to thee, Not charioted27 by Bacchus28 and his pards2
17、9, But on the viewless30 wings of Poesy31, Though the dull brain perplexes32 and retards. Already with thee! tender33 is the night, And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne, Clustered around by all her starry Fays34; But here there is no light, Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown Through verdurous35 glooms and winding mossy ways.,
