《高考英语掌握命题要领提高教学效率》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语掌握命题要领提高教学效率（49页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、湘潭市教科院 陈红 2009、3 长沙,掌握命题要领， 提高教学效率,大家网收集,声明：本资料由 大家论坛高中英语专区收集整理，仅供学习交流使用 http:/ 转载请注明出自 http:/ 更多信息、考试真题,请访问 http:/ 大家论坛，全免费公益性英语论坛，等待您的光临！,美国心理学家布卢姆提出的理论,布卢姆将教育目标分为认知目标、情感目标和动作技能目标。其中认知目标是理论考试的主要考查领域，该领域的教育目标是由识记、领会、应用、分析、综合、评价六个层次构成的简单到复杂的完整体系，其中低一层次是高一层次的基础，高一层次是在低一层次要求上的提高和发展。,我国的教育测量专家和考试工作者参照布
2、卢姆认知目标分类方法，结合我国实际和理论习惯，提出了一套四层次的分类法： 识记：能正确认识和表述科学事实、原理、术语和规律，知道该课程的基础知识，并能进行正确的选择和判断。 理解：能将所学的知识加以解释、归纳，能领悟某一概念或原理与其它概念或原理之间的联系，理解其引申意义，并能做出正确的表达和解释。 简单应用：通常能用所学的概念、原理、方法正确分析和解决较简单的问题，具有分析和解决一般问题的能力。 综合应用：能够灵活应用所学的知识、分析和解决比较复杂的问题，具有一定的解决实际问题的能力。,理解 能正确理解口头或书面材料，完成听力理解和阅读理解试题。简单应用能应用语言知识或听、说、读、写某单一语
3、言技能，完成单项填空、完形填空、 完成译文等试题。综合运用能运用听、说、读、写中两种或两种 以上语言技能，完成笔录要点、回答问题、摘录信息、情景作文等试题。,学业水平考试,全卷每种题型的功能及测试内容：,听力理解：笔录要点：话题和功能；口头语 单项填空：语法项目。词义的辨析最好不要混在一起 完形填空：准确使用词的能力 阅读理解（回答问题、摘录信息）：全方位考查各项阅读技能； 完成译文： 翻译能力及对词组、搭配、惯用法的运用 书面表达：书面表达信息、情感、态度的能力,课标：（语音）、词汇、语法、功能、话题、语言技能等都得以在试卷中体现。,命题原则,依据纲标，回归教材。,不加重学生负担，语法、词汇
4、测试的内容主要在1-5模块，技能要求参照课程标准七级目标。,命题原则,准确性,公平性,适纲性,独立性,科学性,相关性,选择题命制的基本要求,被选项与题干编制的注意事项,1）选项本身要是正确的。,The visitor could have fallen off the cliff but that the guide _ him by the sleeves.A. seized B. was seizing C. had seized D. would seized,（2）题干与备选项构成的句子应该在逻辑上成立，语法上无错误，语义上无分歧。,完形填空A businessman who had
5、been working too much found that he could not _ at night, but kept on falling asleep during the day. He became so worried that he went to see the doctor.A. sleep B. asleep C. sleeping D. goes to bed,A. sleep B. wake up C. get up D. go to bed,（3）单项选择题要求有四个备选项，只有一个备选项是最符合题目要求的。,（4）备选项的代码用A、B、C、D等大写字母表
6、示；正确选项的代码要随机排列，并且在每份试卷中每个代码作为正确选项的概率相近。,（5）尽可能避免使用否定式的题干，除非为了特定的目的必须以否定式的形式设计试题，如果出现否定词，要在否定词的下面加着重号。,Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A. Many researchers are not convinced of the healing power of humor. B. Patients in bad moods are known to have higher immune cell counts. C. Optimism
7、in general does seem to be related to better health. D. People should try their best to cheer up for their good health.,Families usually wouldnt like unmarried women to go out working. B. People value individualism more than community. C. People think little of the women who worked outside. D. It is
8、 men who usually work outside.,（6）备选项的长度、结构、语言表达要尽量一致；,（7）备选项要求同质，干扰项要有较大的似真性，应与正确选项在逻辑上和语法上跟题干保持一致，不应拼凑明显不合理的选项，同时要避免备选项之间出现逻辑上的包含关系，确保干扰项在它的范围内不包含答案；,（8）涉及到数字的备选项，统一按照上升的顺序排列；,How much does the man pay?A. 40 dollars. B. 44 dollars.C. 36 dollars.,36 dollars. B. 40 dollars. C. 44 dollars.,Where was
9、the writer when the tragedy took place? He was in the classroom. B. He was at home. C. He was on the way to school. D. He was on the playground.,（9）如果一些词语在所有的备选项中都有，最好将这些词语移到题干中去，以避免无效阅读。,In the class.At home.On the way to school. On the playground.,以下是一个阅读理解的选项设置: When did the writer always see the
10、 Twin Towers? A. When he was having classes. B. When he was watching TV. C. When he was walking to school. D. When he was dreaming.,为了减少无效的阅读，我们可以做如下修改：The writer always saw the Twin Towers when he was _. A. having classes B. watching TV C. walking to school D. dreaming,测试内容与测试角度,总体原则： 依据课标、依据考纲,1）理
11、解主旨要义；2）获取与话题相关的具体事实信息；3）对于说话背景、说话者之间的关系能 够作出简单的推断；4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。,选择题的命制听力技能测试,选材特点：听力测试的语言材料口语化，听起来自然真 实，是实际生活中自然实用的口头英语。对话通过其具体语言内容表明一个特定的语境。理解语境是把握所听内容的关键，是理解材料内容的前提。听力测试材料中尽量不出现妨碍听力理解的生词。即使有，也会在题目中加以注释。听力材料主题突出，内容完整，有头有尾。,听力试题命制的技巧： 1）要尽可能广的涉及课标中的功能和话题。 2）提问方式避免单一。 3）选项要精炼，避免让学生做一些无效的阅读。,像以下的
12、听力命题方式，我们是应该避免的，原因是选项的阅读量太大。改进的方法有：调整测试点，简化选项内容。,12. What will the girls parents do if she sees her boyfriend again?A. Make her stay in her room for a long time. B. Stop her pocket money.C. Make her leave the house and not allow her to retum.13. According to the girl, why dont her parents think that
13、 she should see Charlie?A. Because they think that hes a bad boy.B. Because they think that shes too young to have a boyfriend.C. Because he lives too far away from her.14. Why does the girl think that she is ready to have a boyfriend?A. Because she thinks that she is mentally mature. B. Because she
14、 is legally an adult.C. Because she has already known all about relationships.15. Which of the following is true?A. The girl wont follow the mans advice. B. The man doesnt give the girl any advice.C. The girl will follow the mans advice.,笔录要点,考纲：意在要求学生在平时的学习中不仅要多听，还要有意识记录一些主要的信息，提高笔记能力。本题是控制性主观题，采用填
15、空题型。解这类题的方法一般是听前快速阅读题干，了解答题要求，然后带着问题认真听录音，捕捉答题所需信息，然后将听到的信息加以处理、提炼，根据要求写出恰当的答案。,我的理解：在生活中存在这种能力的使用场合，即：需要通过听来获取信息，同时，又有必要通过写的方式表达信息。因此，语言的这种使用方式，决定了命题选材的形式和命题的方式。所占分值也与生活中使用的频率相关。 选材：需要通过听来获取信息，同时，又有必要通过写的方式将信息表达出来。 命题：图表的设计最好能体现所听语篇的文体特征。 意图：测试学生捕捉关键信息的能力。以测试引领教学。命题者通过对所听材料的加工，引导学生将所听内容条理化，培养学生清楚地、
16、有条理地表达信息的能力。,WANTED Voice needs 18 . Join us, please! Experience not quite necessary. 19. skills in great demandWork not for money, but for 20_!Contact Chris Green immediately!,Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning! My topic today is How to use brains.Some people think that they will get ill if they use
17、 their brains too much. It is not true. Through many studies, scientists show us that the more you use your brains, the better it will be, and the cleverer you will become.Of course, if you want to keep your mind clear and active, you must take a proper rest and study properly. To the teenagers, usi
18、ng their brains in the morning is good for their health.There are many ways to rest. One is a peaceful rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is active rest. For example, take a walk outdoors, do more exercises every day. To change the way of the brains activities is also a good way to rest.In everyday life, to eat some eggs, meat fresh vegetables and fruit is also good for the brains.Wish you a wise man and a happy life.,
